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Melanotan 1: Deep Dive

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For those of you out there interested in using melanotan I have recently found some interesting information involving research done on afamelanotide (melanotan 1). Melanotan 1 is a prescription medication used to treat rare skin disorders but recently they have been conducting studies to assess its capabilities in DNA repair and as a treatment following stroke. Below you will find a lot of information involving a ton of different effects attributed to this peptide. Many of them very beneficial for bodybuilders: lowering of blood pressure, protection against atherosclerosis, fights inflammation, strengthens the blood brain barrier, and improves cognitive function.



Melanotan 1 and DNA repair:

In the image below we see the process that damages DNA on the left and the DNA repair on the right.

5s8MxIQ.png



Another study commenting on a-MSH analogues and melanoma: (link to study https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjd.13598)

"Recent review articles on molecular signalling pathways in melanoma development no longer indicate that the αMSH/melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) intracellular signalling pathway has melanoma-inducing or promoting activities. In contrast, low activity MC1R variants are associated with increased risk of sporadic melanoma which indicates that decreased and not increased MC1R signalling is associated with melanoma development. Moreover, melanocyte stem cells and therefore most likely also melanoma stem cells, the latter being crucial for melanoma promotion, do not express MC1R and therefore do not react to αMSH analogues."

Some interesting articles from Clinuvel, the company behind afamelanotide:



Melanotan 1 for Arterial Ischemic Stroke:
Afamelanotide, a melanocortin drug, is shown to provide anti-oxidative, anti-oncotic and vaso-active effects. Stroke was selected as the first clinical target for PRÉNUMBRA® Instant, enabling physicians to personalize treatment in acute care. CLINUVEL’s recent stroke study (CUV801) showed afamelanotide to be well tolerated in a standard dose, with the majority of patients experiencing a strong functional recovery.

Afamelanotide in Stroke:

Scientific progress has demonstrated melanocortins, including afamelanotide, provide a positive effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Afamelanotide is known to offer neuroprotection and act as a potent anti-oxidative hormone. The drug possesses further therapeutic benefits, activating vessels, reducing fluid formation, protecting critical nerve and brain tissue, and restoring the blood brain barrier (BBB: a critical defence mechanism protecting the brain). The drug therapy is thought to improve blood flow and increase the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to deprived brain tissue.



Melanotan 1 vs. Melanotan 2:

If you use Melanotan 2 don't take offense to anything I'm about to say, this is just my personal opinion from the information I have gathered. Many people use Melanotan 2 over Melanotan 1 thinking it is the successor and a better product. The reality is Melanotan 2 has much, much less research and effects the body in a much more widespread way. This isn't to say it is not safe, I personally don't know just like everyone else because the research just isn't there. Many like it for its effects on libido but don't realize behind the scenes it is doing much more, it crosses the blood brain barrier which is a little bit sketchy considering we don't know exactly what it is doing. It also can effect the eyes, even changing the color of your eyes. Again, who knows what else it could be doing inside of your body. For reasons like this I choose Melanotan-1 all day, tons of research and it has a more targeted effect. That being said the tan takes longer to set in and you may not be able to get quite as dark as on Melanotan 2.

Another massive benefit of Melanotan 1 is that people often don't have nearly as many side effects compared to Melanotan 2, nausea is still common but not nearly as bad in comparison.

More information continued in the next comment: Hit the post character limit.
 
Additional Information on Melanotan 1: Highlighting some things I found interesting in Bold.

Overall Health Benefits of Melanotan 1:
Treats various skin disorders [1-17]
Prevents heart disease [18-21]
Fights inflammation [22-29]
Lowers blood pressure [30]
Improves cognitive function [31-35]
Promotes recovery following a stroke [36]
Promotes fat loss [37-38]

Research on Melanotan 1:
In patients with mild to moderate acne, melanotan 1 treatment reduced symptoms without adverse side effects. [9]

A study reported that afamelanotide can help treat pre-cancerous skin lesions of the head, forearms, and hands in patients who had an organ transplant. [12]
In patients with sunlight-induced skin sensitivity and itching, melanotan 1 significantly reduced the symptoms and increased the length of exposure to the sun. [13-15]
In patients, melanotan 1 therapy combined with UV-B light or sunlight was significantly effective for skin tanning in response to light. [16]
In Caucasian individuals with MC1R variant alleles, melanotan 1 administration effectively increased the melanin content of the skin, which helps protect the epidermis from damage caused by UV light. [17]

Prevents Heart Disease:
Melanotan 1 has also been found to regulate important mechanisms involved in heart protection:
In mice with atherosclerosis (plaque formation within the heart arteries), melanotan 1 prevented the formation of plaques and heart dysfunction. [18]
A mouse study also found that melanotan 1 induced relaxation of the heart arteries which in turn improved blood circulation. [19]
A study reported that melanotan 1 can help protect against cardiovascular disease by increasing the levels of nitric oxide, a substance that relaxes the heart arteries to improve blood circulation. [20]

In rats undergoing a heart attack, Melanotan 1 administration in conjunction with epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) helped restore baseline arterial pressure and heart rate. [21]

Fights Inflammation:
Studies suggest that melanotan 1 has anti-inflammatory properties that can help ward off a broad range of diseases:
A study reported that melanotan 1 induces antioxidant activities, promotes DNA repair, and modulates the inflammatory process. [22]
In a mouse model of skin inflammation, melanotan 1 inhibited the production of inflammatory substances such as TNF-α and IL-6. [23]
In a mouse model of nerve pain injury, the lack of melanotan 1 was associated with increased inflammatory pain. [24-25]
In a rat model of bowel inflammation, melanotan 1 reversed intestinal inflammation. [26-27]
A study found that melanotan 1 has anti-inflammatory properties that are similar to dexamethasone. [28]

In mouse models of uveitis, an inflammatory disorder of the eye that can lead to pain and vision loss, systemic and local administration of Melanotan 1 were effective in suppressing uveitis with a similar magnitude to that of dexamethasone. [29]

Lowers Blood Pressure:
Melanotan 1 has also been shown to protect against elevated blood pressure:
In hypertensive mice, melanotan 1 provided protective effects against high blood pressure without affecting other mice with normal blood pressure. [30]

Improves Cognitive Function:

Animal and cell studies show that melanotan 1 can help protect against cognitive dysfunction related to brain disorders:
In mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the administration of a very small dose of melanotan 1 resulted in favorable effects against cognitive decline. [31]
In mice, once daily administration of nanomolar doses of melanotan 1 for 50 days resulted in a significant reduction of AD-related biomarkers and led to cognitive recovery by boosting neurogenesis (nerve cell formation) through the stimulation of the MC4 receptor. [32]
In mice, once daily administration of melanotan 1 significantly reduced all AD-related biomarkers which in turn prevented the progression of the disease. [33]
In rats, melanotan 1 was shown to improve astrocyte functioning, the cells that protect neurons and provide them with nutrition, by increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). [34]
In mice and human neurons, melanotan 1 exerted long-lasting neuroprotective effects. [35]

Promotes Recovery following a Stroke:
In animal models, melatonan1 has been shown to produce beneficial effects following a stroke:
In gerbil models of stroke, the administration of melatonan1 and 2 after a stroke reduced brain damage and improved recovery of learning and memory. [36]

Promotes Fat Loss
Evidence found that melanotan 1 has fat-burning properties:
In mice, melanotan 1 was shown to promote fat burning through the stimulation of MC5R. [37-38]

Associated Side Effects of Melanotan 1
Melanotan 1 side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on melanotan 1. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of melanotan 1. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with melanotan 1 even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.

Side effects associated with melanotan 1 may include the following:
Facial flushing
Gastrointestinal upset
Increased moles and freckles
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Tiredness
Unwanted tanning
Vomiting
 

References​

  1. Lane AM, McKay JT, Bonkovsky HL. Advances in the management of erythropoietic protoporphyria – role of afamelanotide. Appl Clin Genet. 2016;9:179-189. Published 2016 Dec 12. doi:10.2147/TACG.S122030.
  2. Available from https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2007-000636-13.
  3. Kim ES, Garnock-Jones KP. Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016 Apr;17(2):179-85. doi: 10.1007/s40257-016-0184-6. PMID: 26979527.
  4. Minder EI. Afamelanotide, an agonistic analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2010 Dec;19(12):1591-602. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2010.535515. Epub 2010 Nov 13. PMID: 21073357.
  5. Biolcati G, Marchesini E, Sorge F, Barbieri L, Schneider-Yin X, Minder EI. Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Jun;172(6):1601-1612. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13598. Epub 2015 Apr 30. PMID: 25494545.
  6. Wensink D, Wagenmakers MAEM, Barman-Aksözen J, Friesema ECH, Wilson JHP, van Rosmalen J, Langendonk JG. Association of Afamelanotide With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Clinical Practice. JAMA Dermatol. 2020 May 1;156(5):570-575. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0352. PMID: 32186677; PMCID: PMC7081144.
  7. Grimes PE, Hamzavi I, Lebwohl M, Ortonne JP, Lim HW. The efficacy of afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for repigmentation of vitiligo. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Jan;149(1):68-73. doi: 10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.386. PMID: 23407924.
  8. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01382589.
  9. Available from https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2009-018024-15.
  10. Available from https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2009-017359-92.
  11. Available from https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2009-011018-51.
  12. Available from https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2007-007015-89.
  13. Available from https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2008-002446-39.
  14. Available from https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2007-001068-55.
  15. Minder EI, Barman-Aksoezen J, Schneider-Yin X. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017 Aug;56(8):815-823. doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5. PMID: 28063031.
  16. Available from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/480676.
  17. Fitzgerald LM, Fryer JL, Dwyer T, Humphrey SM. Effect of MELANOTAN, [Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]-alpha-MSH, on melanin synthesis in humans with MC1R variant alleles. Peptides. 2006 Feb;27(2):388-94. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.12.038. Epub 2005 Nov 15. PMID: 16293341.
  18. Rinne P, Silvola JM, Hellberg S, Ståhle M, Liljenbäck H, Salomäki H, Koskinen E, Nuutinen S, Saukko P, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A, Savontaus E. Pharmacological activation of the melanocortin system limits plaque inflammation and ameliorates vascular dysfunction in atherosclerotic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014 Jul;34(7):1346-54. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302963. Epub 2014 May 1. PMID: 24790139.
  19. Rinne P, Nordlund W, Heinonen I, Penttinen AM, Saraste A, Ruohonen ST, Mäkelä S, Vähätalo L, Kaipio K, Cai M, Hruby VJ, Ruohonen S, Savontaus E. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone regulates vascular NO availability and protects against endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res. 2013 Feb 1;97(2):360-8. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvs335. Epub 2012 Nov 5. PMID: 23131503; PMCID: PMC3543993.
  20. Weng WT, Wu CS, Wang FS, et al. α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Attenuates Neovascularization by Inducing Nitric Oxide Deficiency via MC-Rs/PKA/NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(12):3823. Published 2018 Nov 30. doi:10.3390/ijms19123823.
  21. Ottani A, Neri L, Canalini F, Calevro A, Rossi R, Cappelli G, Ballestri M, Giuliani D, Guarini S. Protective effects of the melanocortin analog NDP-α-MSH in rats undergoing cardiac arrest. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 15;745:108-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.022. Epub 2014 Oct 22. PMID: 25446929.
  22. Minder EI, Barman-Aksoezen J, Schneider-Yin X. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017 Aug;56(8):815-823. doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5. PMID: 28063031.
  23. Chen W, Li J, Qu H, Song Z, Yang Z, Huo J, Jiang H, Huang Q, Huo M, Liu B, Zhang Q. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) inhibits the inflammatory response in Raw 264.7 cells and atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Feb;40(2):1987-96. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2256-x. Epub 2012 Oct 23. PMID: 23090482.
  24. Delaney A, Keighren M, Fleetwood-Walker SM, Jackson IJ. Involvement of the melanocortin-1 receptor in acute pain and pain of inflammatory but not neuropathic origin. PLoS One. 2010 Sep 13;5(9):e12498. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012498. PMID: 20856883; PMCID: PMC2938350.
  25. Delaney A, Keighren M, Fleetwood-Walker SM, Jackson IJ. Involvement of the melanocortin-1 receptor in acute pain and pain of inflammatory but not neuropathic origin. PLoS One. 2010;5(9):e12498. Published 2010 Sep 13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012498.
  26. Spana C, Taylor AW, Yee DG, Makhlina M, Yang W, Dodd J. Probing the Role of Melanocortin Type 1 Receptor Agonists in Diverse Immunological Diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Jan 14;9:1535. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01535. PMID: 30692924; PMCID: PMC6339910.
  27. Maaser C, Kannengiesser K, Specht C, Lügering A, Brzoska T, Luger TA, Domschke W, Kucharzik T. Crucial role of the melanocortin receptor MC1R in experimental colitis. Gut. 2006 Oct;55(10):1415-22. doi: 10.1136/gut.2005.083634. Epub 2006 Mar 16. PMID: 16543288; PMCID: PMC1856418.
  28. Skottner A, Post C, Ocklind A, Seifert E, Liutkevicius E, Meskys R, Pilinkiene A, Biziuleviciene G, Lundstedt T. Anti-inflammatory potential of melanocortin receptor-directed drugs. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Jun;994:84-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03165.x. PMID: 12851301.
  29. Edling AE, Gomes D, Weeden T, Dzuris J, Stefano J, Pan C, Williams J, Kaplan J, Perricone MA. Immunosuppressive activity of a novel peptide analog of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2011 Jul;236(1-2):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.04.015. PMID: 21640392.
  30. Rinne P, Penttinen AM, Nordlund W, Ahotupa M, Savontaus E. α-MSH analogue attenuates blood pressure elevation in DOCA-salt hypertensive mice. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 16;8(8):e72857. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072857. PMID: 23977363; PMCID: PMC3745458.
  31. Giuliani D, Galantucci M, Neri L, Canalini F, Calevro A, Bitto A, Ottani A, Vandini E, Sena P, Sandrini M, Squadrito F, Zaffe D, Guarini S. Melanocortins protect against brain damage and counteract cognitive decline in a transgenic mouse model of moderate Alzheimer׳s disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 5;740:144-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.063. Epub 2014 Jul 15. PMID: 25034807.
  32. Giuliani D, Neri L, Canalini F, Calevro A, Ottani A, Vandini E, Sena P, Zaffe D, Guarini S. NDP-α-MSH induces intense neurogenesis and cognitive recovery in Alzheimer transgenic mice through activation of melanocortin MC4 receptors. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2015 Jul;67:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.05.004. Epub 2015 May 21. PMID: 26003413.
  33. Giuliani D, Bitto A, Galantucci M, Zaffe D, Ottani A, Irrera N, Neri L, Cavallini GM, Altavilla D, Botticelli AR, Squadrito F, Guarini S. Melanocortins protect against progression of Alzheimer’s disease in triple-transgenic mice by targeting multiple pathophysiological pathways. Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Mar;35(3):537-47. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.030. Epub 2013 Oct 1. PMID: 24094579.
  34. Ramírez D, Saba J, Carniglia L, Durand D, Lasaga M, Caruso C. Melanocortin 4 receptor activates ERK-cFos pathway to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rat astrocytes and hypothalamus. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015 Aug 15;411:28-37. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.008. Epub 2015 Apr 16. PMID: 25892444.
  35. Mykicki N, Herrmann AM, Schwab N, Deenen R, Sparwasser T, Limmer A, Wachsmuth L, Klotz L, Köhrer K, Faber C, Wiendl H, Luger TA, Meuth SG, Loser K. Melanocortin-1 receptor activation is neuroprotective in mouse models of neuroinflammatory disease. Sci Transl Med. 2016 Oct 26;8(362):362ra146. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8732. PMID: 27797962.
  36. Giuliani D, Ottani A, Minutoli L, Stefano VD, Galantucci M, Bitto A, Zaffe D, Altavilla D, Botticelli AR, Squadrito F, Guarini S. Functional recovery after delayed treatment of ischemic stroke with melanocortins is associated with overexpression of the activity-dependent gene Zif268. Brain Behav Immun. 2009 Aug;23(6):844-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.03.009. Epub 2009 Apr 5. PMID: 19345727.
  37. An JJ, Rhee Y, Kim SH, Kim DM, Han DH, Hwang JH, Jin YJ, Cha BS, Baik JH, Lee WT, Lim SK. Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):2862-70. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M603454200. Epub 2006 Nov 24. PMID: 17127674.
  38. Møller CL, Raun K, Jacobsen ML, Pedersen TÅ, Holst B, Conde-Frieboes KW, Wulff BS. Characterization of murine melanocortin receptors mediating adipocyte lipolysis and examination of signalling pathways involved. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Jul 20;341(1-2):9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.010. Epub 2011 May 17. PMID: 21616121.
 
Very interesting, I remember reading that Melanotan 1 had something to do with cataracts (eyes) any truth?
 
I don't recall ever seeing melanotan 1 on anyone's list. Guess I haven't been looking for it though.
 
Very interesting, I remember reading that Melanotan 1 had something to do with cataracts (eyes) any truth?
I have never heard this so I did a bit of digging and found a study comparing a-MSH to glucocorticoids effects on the eye, it seems they are seen as eye protective in this study while the glucocorticoids are not. Below is an image of a table comparing the two. a-MSH would be melanotan while glucocorticoids are things like prednisone, cortisone etc.

Link to the study: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769144/ Published online 2016 Jan 25
FphxjQZ.png
 
This definitely has a lot of interesting and beneficial effects. I might have to go read some of these studies. Does anyone make this at the moment?
 
My understanding is that the only difference between Melanotan I and II is that Melanotan I is for medical purposes as stated above and Melanotan II is just stronger version for healthy people wanting to tan.
 
This definitely has a lot of interesting and beneficial effects. I might have to go read some of these studies. Does anyone make this at the moment?
Qingdao Sigma carries it, they are a sponsor on this site. Haven't tried it from them yet but do plan to, it's quite affordable.
 
My understanding is that the only difference between Melanotan I and II is that Melanotan I is for medical purposes as stated above and Melanotan II is just stronger version for healthy people wanting to tan.
They are definitely similar but Melanotan II just has much less research behind it which to me is just a bit sketchy, I think there is a reason they decided to market Melanotan I as a pharmaceutical and not Melanotan II. I'd rather use a compound with a lot of research behind it, more peace of mind.
 
They are definitely similar but Melanotan II just has much less research behind it which to me is just a bit sketchy, I think there is a reason they decided to market Melanotan I as a pharmaceutical and not Melanotan II. I'd rather use a compound with a lot of research behind it, more peace of mind.
From what I read in the past it sounded like they were the same peptide just one was stronger than the other, but maybe this is wrong. Is there a difference between the two even though they are similar peptides?
 
From what I read in the past it sounded like they were the same peptide just one was stronger than the other, but maybe this is wrong. Is there a difference between the two even though they are similar peptides?
They are similar but very different at the same time, think of an anabolic steroid for instance from the 19-nor family. Tren and Deca, both related but very different in how they work and their effects. The problem with Melanotan 2 is we just don't know much about it and it effects a lot more functions throughout the body therefor making it more risky because we have no idea what it is doing to all these different parts of the body.
 
They are similar but very different at the same time, think of an anabolic steroid for instance from the 19-nor family. Tren and Deca, both related but very different in how they work and their effects. The problem with Melanotan 2 is we just don't know much about it and it effects a lot more functions throughout the body therefor making it more risky because we have no idea what it is doing to all these different parts of the body.
Now this is very interesting, primarily because all the peptide companies and sponsors of PM (that I'm familiar with) only sell MT2. Without looking into it, I don't even know where to pick up MT1. I'm assuming with MT1 you'll get a very similar tanning effect? The tanning effect is primarily why I use MT2, and it's so effective for me all that I use is no more than a quarter of a dose (.25mg or less).
 
Now this is very interesting, primarily because all the peptide companies and sponsors of PM (that I'm familiar with) only sell MT2. Without looking into it, I don't even know where to pick up MT1. I'm assuming with MT1 you'll get a very similar tanning effect? The tanning effect is primarily why I use MT2, and it's so effective for me all that I use is no more than a quarter of a dose (.25mg or less).
yes MT1 gives a similar tanning effect it just comes on a bit slower, many think it looks better though but that is probably individual.
 
MT2 was also developed and researched as a pharmaceutical drug, but for use with sexual dysfunction. It was in several phase I trials to evaluate general safety in humans but wasn’t pursued beyond that for a perceived lack of commercial viability.

I’m a big mt2 fan .. inexpensive, great color, suppresses appetite, fat burning, libido boost—it’s almost too good to be true! I do wonder about long term issues, like increased rate of skin cancer, etc, but with millions of users over almost twenty years and no apparent issues, i feel like it’s probably safe. MT1 isn’t as well established and so I’d be a bit more leery of issues. You make Interesting points, regardless
 
I've been using MT2 on and off for over 10 years now. I would use it more often to just maintain a light tan year-round, but I hate the nauseous feeling it gives me, so I primarily use it during the summer. Do you guys have any feedback about MT1 and if the sides are different than MT2? Possibly milder, I would definitely try MT1 if the nauseous feeling would be nil to nonexistent. Plus, I view myself has a hyper responder to MT2, I have to be careful about getting too dark even on less than a quarter dose, say 0.2ml.
 
I've been using MT2 on and off for over 10 years now. I would use it more often to just maintain a light tan year-round, but I hate the nauseous feeling it gives me, so I primarily use it during the summer. Do you guys have any feedback about MT1 and if the sides are different than MT2? Possibly milder, I would definitely try MT1 if the nauseous feeling would be nil to nonexistent. Plus, I view myself has a hyper responder to MT2, I have to be careful about getting too dark even on less than a quarter dose, say 0.2ml.
Out of curiosity how many ml are you using per 10mg? I've always done 2ml in a 10mg bottle and just take .02 to .05 ml or 2 to 5 units on a slin pin and can get blacker then most black people.

Where I am going with this is I've had several friends just taking too much at one time and getting sickly feeling. Though when they take less it goes away. Let me know.
 
Out of curiosity how many ml are you using per 10mg? I've always done 2ml in a 10mg bottle and just take .02 to .05 ml or 2 to 5 units on a slin pin and can get blacker then most black people.

Where I am going with this is I've had several friends just taking too much at one time and getting sickly feeling. Though when they take less it goes away. Let me know.
Me personally on use 1ml water to 10mg. First day I’ll pull 2 clicks, then get the slightly weird feeling in my stomach. On the second day I’ll do the same and the stomach discomfort isn’t near as bad. On the third day I go straight to 10 clicks. Then keep this till the bottle is empty. Then I’m good for spring through summer.

Cage
 
For those of you out there interested in using melanotan I have recently found some interesting information involving research done on afamelanotide (melanotan 1). Melanotan 1 is a prescription medication used to treat rare skin disorders but recently they have been conducting studies to assess its capabilities in DNA repair and as a treatment following stroke. Below you will find a lot of information involving a ton of different effects attributed to this peptide. Many of them very beneficial for bodybuilders: lowering of blood pressure, protection against atherosclerosis, fights inflammation, strengthens the blood brain barrier, and improves cognitive function.



Melanotan 1 and DNA repair:

In the image below we see the process that damages DNA on the left and the DNA repair on the right.

5s8MxIQ.png



Another study commenting on a-MSH analogues and melanoma: (link to study https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjd.13598)

"Recent review articles on molecular signalling pathways in melanoma development no longer indicate that the αMSH/melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) intracellular signalling pathway has melanoma-inducing or promoting activities. In contrast, low activity MC1R variants are associated with increased risk of sporadic melanoma which indicates that decreased and not increased MC1R signalling is associated with melanoma development. Moreover, melanocyte stem cells and therefore most likely also melanoma stem cells, the latter being crucial for melanoma promotion, do not express MC1R and therefore do not react to αMSH analogues."

Some interesting articles from Clinuvel, the company behind afamelanotide:



Melanotan 1 for Arterial Ischemic Stroke:
Afamelanotide, a melanocortin drug, is shown to provide anti-oxidative, anti-oncotic and vaso-active effects. Stroke was selected as the first clinical target for PRÉNUMBRA® Instant, enabling physicians to personalize treatment in acute care. CLINUVEL’s recent stroke study (CUV801) showed afamelanotide to be well tolerated in a standard dose, with the majority of patients experiencing a strong functional recovery.

Afamelanotide in Stroke:

Scientific progress has demonstrated melanocortins, including afamelanotide, provide a positive effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Afamelanotide is known to offer neuroprotection and act as a potent anti-oxidative hormone. The drug possesses further therapeutic benefits, activating vessels, reducing fluid formation, protecting critical nerve and brain tissue, and restoring the blood brain barrier (BBB: a critical defence mechanism protecting the brain). The drug therapy is thought to improve blood flow and increase the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to deprived brain tissue.



Melanotan 1 vs. Melanotan 2:

If you use Melanotan 2 don't take offense to anything I'm about to say, this is just my personal opinion from the information I have gathered. Many people use Melanotan 2 over Melanotan 1 thinking it is the successor and a better product. The reality is Melanotan 2 has much, much less research and effects the body in a much more widespread way. This isn't to say it is not safe, I personally don't know just like everyone else because the research just isn't there. Many like it for its effects on libido but don't realize behind the scenes it is doing much more, it crosses the blood brain barrier which is a little bit sketchy considering we don't know exactly what it is doing. It also can effect the eyes, even changing the color of your eyes. Again, who knows what else it could be doing inside of your body. For reasons like this I choose Melanotan-1 all day, tons of research and it has a more targeted effect. That being said the tan takes longer to set in and you may not be able to get quite as dark as on Melanotan 2.

Another massive benefit of Melanotan 1 is that people often don't have nearly as many side effects compared to Melanotan 2, nausea is still common but not nearly as bad in comparison.

More information continued in the next comment: Hit the post character limit.
Interesting post oddly I’ve never seen Mel I so there’s that
 

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