12+ years of Track and Field here. The Sprinters do a few things differently and under different conditions.
They use less, as said above. 12-25mg-ish. 4-6 weeks. Once off-season and once mid-season if they think they can avoid testing. So, lots of time "off".
They do way less anaerobic exercise (sprints are as close as they come and and weights are assistance exercises except in the off season when it's a little more volume)
They are usually REALLY flexible.
They have a lifetime of building strong tendons and joints from sprinting.
Now the shotputters/Discus/Hammer guys, they train more like us, sort of. Squats, bench, Cleans, Snatches. 5x5 in the offseason (their "high-rep" training) 3-5 sets x 2-3-1 or less 2-1-1 as the season nears the end. Also very flexible, use lots of water-based or short estered Test and Drol. They eat whatever, whenever.
Still, Ive seen serious shot-putter tear both quads from the knee while front squatting. Friggin nasty.