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HAS THERE EVER BEEN???????????

I posted this under the Benoit thread.

Study Provides Additional Evidence That High Steroid Doses Elicit Psychiatric Symptoms in Some Men
By Steven Stocker, NIDA NOTES Contributing Writer
________________________________________
NIDA-supported research has produced additional evidence that high doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids can produce aggressive symptoms in some men. Dr. Harrison Pope and his colleagues at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, compared aggressive reactions in men who received alternate doses of steroids and placebo.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids have been widely, but illegally, available since the 1960s. "Anabolic" refers to steroids' ability to promote tissue growth, while "androgenic" refers to their ability to promote the development of male sexual characteristics. People typically abuse steroids because they boost muscle size, particularly in the chest and shoulders.
Responses of Three Participants to Testosterone Cypionate Treatment on a Mania Rating Scale

Responses to treatment with testosterone cypionate varied greatly among three study participants. On the Young Mania Rating Scale, a standard scale for rating mania, scores of less than 10 indicated that the participant had minimal psychiatric effects; participants with scores of 10 to 19 were rated moderately manic; and those with scores of 20 or higher were rated markedly manic.
Starting in the late 1980s, evidence began to accumulate that steroids may provoke manic symptoms, such as aggression, euphoria, grandiose beliefs, reckless behavior, and a decreased need for sleep. Reports of violence committed by people who had taken large doses of steroids began to appear in both the scientific literature and the lay press, and in surveys, steroid abusers themselves reported that the drugs prompted them to acts of aggression. However, some scientists questioned the significance of these reports. Perhaps the more aggressive or manic steroid abusers were the ones volunteering for the studies, critics said. Perhaps abusers were exaggerating the extent of their aggression because they considered aggression to be manly.
The only way to conclusively demonstrate that high steroid doses can provoke aggression and other manic symptoms is to administer high doses to volunteers in double-blind studies in which both the volunteers and the scientists are unaware of who is receiving steroids and who is receiving an inactive substance, or placebo. Three previous double-blind studies have been conducted: one at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine in Tulsa in 1999; one at the Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science in Los Angeles in 1996; and one at the National Institute of Mental Health in Rockville, Maryland, in 1993. Collectively they confirm that high steroid doses can provoke severe aggressive and manic reactions in a minority of men.
The study conducted by Dr. Pope and his colleagues was the most recent and extensive, recruiting 50 men between the ages of 20 and 50. For the first 6 weeks of the study, the investigators gave half of the volunteers weekly injections of the steroid testosterone cypionate in gradually increasing doses. For the next 6 weeks, the men were given nothing, then for the subsequent 6-week period, they were given injections of a placebo, followed by another 6 weeks of no injections. The other half of the men were treated the same, except they received 6 weeks of placebo injections before receiving 6 weeks of steroid injections. Each time the men came in for their weekly injection, the researchers administered psychological tests to them. In addition, the men kept daily diaries of their psychological symptoms.
Of the 50 men who received all their steroid injections, 42 had only minimal psychiatric reactions to the drugs. However, two men developed prominent manic symptoms, and another six developed moderate symptoms.
"People who responded to the steroid had different combinations of manic symptoms," says Dr. Pope. "One man had an aggressive outburst at work. Once, when he got cut off in traffic, he followed the person in his car for several miles. The other man with a marked reaction became euphoric and had a decreased need for sleep. Among the moderate responders, one man playing in a college sports competition found himself wanting to beat up his opponent. He said that he had never had such aggressive feelings before in the course of a competition."
One of the psychological tests given to the volunteers was the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm, which has been widely used to measure aggression in alcoholics, drug abusers, adolescents, and other populations. In this test, the volunteers played a computer game in a booth. Each was told that he was playing against a man in another booth, when actually his opponent was a computer. The man could accumulate points by pressing one button on a board and could deprive his "opponent" of points by pressing another button. At the end of the game, accumulated points could be exchanged for money. During the game, the computer provoked the man by randomly depriving him of points. The man's aggression score consisted of the number of points that he subtracted from his "opponent" in retaliation.
The results showed that the steroid injections significantly increased aggression scores, although, again, most of the men were only minimally affected, while a few showed substantial aggression. "These aggressive responders would pound on the board and yell and swear at what they thought was their opponent in the neighboring booth, who was, of course, a computer," says Dr. Pope. "It was quite dramatic."
Why a few men develop manic reactions to steroids while most do not remains a mystery, Dr. Pope says. Those who reacted with manic symptoms were not more likely to have taken steroids before, to have been a weightlifter, or to have a family history of psychiatric disorder. They also did not differ in various physiological measures, such as the blood level of testosterone following the steroid injections.
"I think that the evidence from this and previous studies indicates that, for unknown reasons, somewhere between 2 and 10 percent of men develop manic behavior and other neuropsychiatric complications from high doses of steroids," says Dr. Jag Khalsa of NIDA's Center on AIDS and Other Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse. "These studies were done with 500 and 600 mg per week of steroids, while in actual practice, steroid abusers often take as much as 1,000 or 1,500 mg per week. With these higher doses, the percentage developing manic symptoms is likely to be higher."
Sources
Pope, H.G., Jr.; Kouri, E.M.; and Hudson, J.I. Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 57(2):133-140, 2000.
Pope, H.G., Jr.; Phillips, K.A.; and Olivardia, R. The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession. New York: The Free Press. 2000


My Conclusion is that steroids can exacerbate pre-existing psychiatric/ psychological conditions, which would constitute a small percentage of users. Then on top of this a behavior from a pre-existing condition may be dose dependent, which some users may not even trigger a response if they don't reach the dose required to do so. This study above also talks about participants who developed manic behavior and had no family history of psychiatric disorder. I feel that although there was no family history with those individuals that they had a predisposition that was unknown.
One would have to conclude that there would have to be several factors present for "Roid Rage" to occur and that if they were, it would be in a very small percentage of users.
 
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on the news... they said his wife has filed for divoroce then withdrew.....cop guy siad that is common to see in domestic abuse cases and then tragically some end like this...first smart thing I have heard....
 
a wise man once told me that when you mix an acidic solution with a base solution, you'd basically get water and salt...

but that has nothing to do with the subject...

i believe that they say this because most people don't know anything about steroids except for the "fact" that it causes you to be enraged with anger, just want to beat the shit out of everyone, gain 700 lbs of muscle without working out, and they make your penis shrink by an average of 3 inches. I don't blame people for not knowing about shit like that... they aren't required to know... but what i hate is when the media:
1- lie their asses off just to get people's attention and give false information about a certain subject just to make more money. hell, this happens to us all the time, but we only focus on the steroid issues. last week i saw a headline in the newspaper reading "man takes viagra, his wife gave out her last breath"... i wanted to steal the news paper to read what the hell it was about... i still don't know what went on there and i want to read... i'm sure it's some dumb story with lies in it... but... you see where i'm going with this?
2- why the hell would they shift the attention from chris being a psycho and killing his own family to "awwww... poor chris was a victim of steroids"...
 
reply

|---[\\\\]>-------- even my fiance who knows nothing about aas or aas usage said, thats stupid, they cant pin that on steriod usage
 
a wise man once told me that when you mix an acidic solution with a base solution, you'd basically get water and salt...

An acid and base gives you something toxic....

It's irresponsible journalism, plain and simple.
 
My experience has been that guys that are assholes on the juice are also assholes when off the juice

I 100 % agree !!!
I was chief security in a huge disco for years and had 20 bouncers under my supervision of whom most of them worked out and were on and off gear throughout the year.
My experience was that ALL of the gear users were somewhat more agressive in conflict situations. But the couple of them who were already bullies when off gear were the ones with totally unexceptable behavior when on and went insane when things got a bit out of hand.Clear cases of steroids enhancing already present aggressiveness to an unacceptable level.
I call that Roid Rage.
Needless to say they got fired.
 
Here are a some studies that claim there is no hard evidence to suggest that steroids induce roid rage:
-------------------------------------------

The effects of supraphysiological doses of testosterone on angry behavior in healthy eugonadal men--a clinical research center study.

Tricker R, Casaburi R, Storer TW, Clevenger B, Berman N, Shirazi A, Bhasin S.

Division of Endocrinology, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.

Anecdotal reports of "roid rage" and violent crimes by androgenic steroid users have brought attention to the relationship between anabolic steroid use and angry outbursts. However, testosterone effects on human aggression remain controversial. Previous studies have been criticized because of the low androgen doses, lack of placebo control or blinding, and inclusion of competitive athletes and those with preexisting psychopathology. To overcome these pitfalls, we used a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, excluded competitive athletes and those with psychiatric disorders, and used 600 mg testosterone enanthate (TE)/week. Forty-three eugonadal men, 19-40 yr, were randomized to 1 of 4 groups: Group I, placebo, no exercise; Group II, TE, no exercise; Group III, placebo, exercise; Group IV, TE plus exercise. Exercise consisted of thrice weekly strength training sessions. The Multi-Dimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), which includes 5 different dimensions of anger (inward anger, outward anger, anger arousal, hostile outlook, and anger eliciting situations), and a Mood Inventory (MI), which includes items related to mood and behavior, were administered to subjects before, during, and after the 10 week intervention. The subject's significant other (spouse, live-in partner, or parent) also answered the same questions about the subject's mood and behavior (Observer Mood Inventory, OMI). No differences were observed between exercising and nonexercising and between placebo and TE treated subjects for any of the 5 subdomains of MAI. Overall there were no significant changes in MI or OMI during the treatment period in any group. Conclusion: Supraphysiological doses of testosterone, when administered to normal men in a controlled setting, do not increase angry behavior. These data do not exclude the possibility that still higher doses of multiple steroids might provoke angry behavior in men with preexisting psychopathology.

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The effects of exogenous testosterone on sexuality and mood of normal men.

Anderson RA, Bancroft J, Wu FC.

Medical Research Council Reproductive Biology Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Edinburgh, Scotland.

The effects of supraphysiological levels of testosterone, used for male contraception, on sexual behavior and mood were studied in a single-blind, placebo-controlled manner in a group of 31 normal men. After 4 weeks of baseline observations, the men were randomized into two groups: one group received 200 mg testosterone enanthate (TE) weekly by im injection for 8 weeks (Testosterone Only group), the other received placebo injections once weekly for the first 4 weeks followed by TE 200 mg weekly for the following 4 weeks (Placebo/Testosterone group). The testosterone administration increased trough plasma testosterone levels by 80%, compatible with peak testosterone levels 400-500% above baseline. Various aspects of sexuality were assessed using sexuality experience scales (SES) questionnaires at the end of each 4-week period while sexual activity and mood states were recorded by daily dairies and self-rating scales. In both groups there was a significant increase in scores in the Psychosexual Stimulation Scale of the SES (i.e. SES 2) following testosterone administration, but not with placebo. There were no changes in SES 3, which measures aspects of sexual interaction with the partner. In both groups there were no changes in frequency of sexual intercourse, masturbation, or penile erection on waking nor in any of the moods reported. The Placebo/Testosterone group showed an increase in self-reported interest in sex during testosterone treatment but not with placebo. The SES 2 results suggest that sexual awareness and arousability can be increased by supraphysiological levels of testosterone. However, these changes are not reflected in modifications of overt sexual behavior, which in eugonadal men may be more determined by sexual relationship factors. This contrasts with hypogonadal men, in whom testosterone replacement clearly stimulates sexual behavior. There was no evidence to suggest an alteration in any of the mood states studied, in particular those associated with increased aggression. We conclude that supraphysiological levels of testosterone maintained for up to 2 months can promote some aspects of sexual arousability without stimulating sexual activity in eugonadal men within stable heterosexual relationships. Raising testosterone does not increase self-reported ratings of aggressive feelings.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exogenous testosterone, aggression, and mood in eugonadal and hypogonadal men.

O'Connor DB, Archer J, Hair WM, Wu FC.

Department of Endocrinology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, UK. [email protected]

To investigate (1) the effects of exogenous testosterone (T) on self- and partner-reported aggression and mood and (2) the role of trait impulsivity in the T-aggression relationship. Thirty eugonadal men with partners were randomized into two treatment groups to receive: (1) 200 mg im T enanthate weekly for 8 weeks or (2) 200 mg im sodium chloride weekly for 8 weeks. Eight hypogonadal men received 200 mg im T enanthate biweekly for 8 weeks. All groups completed a battery of behavior measures at baseline (Week 0) and at Weeks 4 and 8. Cognitive and motor impulsivity were the only predictors of self-reported total aggression (over and above age and T levels) at Weeks 0, 4, and 8. No significant changes in aggression or mood levels were found in the eugonadal-treated group. Significant reductions in negative mood (tension, anger, and fatigue) followed by an increase in vigor were found in response to T treatment in the hypogonadal group. These results demonstrate that inability to control one's behavior when such control is required by a particular situation (impulsivity) was found to significantly predict levels of aggression over and above age and T level. These data do not support the hypothesis that supraphysiological levels of T (within this range) lead to an increase in self- and partner-reported aggression or mood disturbances. Instead, for the first time, this study has identified the high level of negative affect experienced by hypogonadal patients. These findings have implications for T replacement therapy and male contraception.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This one is similar to what aas users have experienced in real life:

Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: a randomized controlled trial.

Pope HG Jr, Kouri EM, Hudson JI.

Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178, USA. [email protected]

BACKGROUND: Field studies of illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid users suggest that some develop manic or aggressive reactions to these drugs-a potential public health problem. However, controlled laboratory evaluations of these effects remain limited. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we administered testosterone cypionate for 6 weeks in doses rising to 600 mg/wk and placebo for 6 weeks, separated by 6 weeks of no treatment, to 56 men aged 20 to 50 years. Psychiatric outcome measures included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (a computerized provocation test of aggression), the Aggression Questionnaire of Buss and Perry, the Symptom Checklist-90-R, daily diaries of manic and depressive symptoms, and similar weekly diaries completed by a "significant other" who knew the participant well. RESULTS: Testosterone treatment significantly increased manic scores on the YMRS (P = .002), manic scores on daily diaries (P = .003), visual analog ratings of liking the drug effect (P = .008), and aggressive responses on the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (P = .03). Drug response was highly variable: of 50 participants who received 600 mg/wk of testosterone cypionate, 42 (84%) exhibited minimal psychiatric effects (maximum YMRS score, <10), 6 (12%) became mildly hypomanic (YMRS score, 10-19), and 2 (4%) became markedly hypomanic (YMRS score, > or =20). The 8 "responders" and 42 "nonresponders" did not differ significantly on baseline demographic, psychological, laboratory, or physiological measures. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone administration, 600 mg/wk increased ratings of manic symptoms in normal men. This effect, however, was not uniform across individuals; most showed little psychological change, whereas a few developed prominent effects. The mechanism of these variable reactions remains unclear.
 
in my country they did a "study" of how steroids are bad for you by injecting mice with insane amounts of testosterone...the "study" was supervised by a professor of "hygene" (ROTFLMAO) from the "physical education" college...

the "professor" noticed the mice "did not do well" after being injected with say 2 amps of test depot...he therefore concluded that steoids are poison and went to publish his retarded research in the papers (LOL)

the amazing thing is it actually got published!!!! the title was : "DRUG DEALERS USUALLY SELL STEROIDS TOO" (LOL)

it was hilarious first because all gear is sold over the counter in my country for pennies...its like claiming people buy aspirin from drug dealers and not the pharmacy...second the "Drug" dealers somehow got put in to the "study" where they were no factor at all it was just mice and the crazy "hygene" professor wannabe...

and last but not least if you inject a mouse with say 2ml of test while his whole body volume is (just for arguments sake) 30-40ml this is like injecting a human with a gallon of oil and making the genius observation that it does the human "no good" LOL...

journalists need to be held accountable for what they publish!...idiots should be prevented from experimenting on animals...alex
 
My experience has been that guys that are assholes on the juice are also assholes when off the juice

Ditto. Or as I explain to people, when you take a 185lbs asshole and add on another 25lbs of mass, you get a much bigger asshole. No more, no less.
 
I think it's bullshit and supposed "Roid Rage" is actually high blood pressure.
 

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