- Joined
- Jun 22, 2009
- Messages
- 1,511
^^^thank youHumanofort naturally occurring all 23 FGFs, so far 23 were discovered it will be more discovered in the future. Also contains CTGF (connective tissue growth factors), EGF (epidermal growth factors) NGF (nerve growth factors), Thymosin B -4 , miRNAs , 2 -AG and AEA.
^^^hey brother ..WOW ..oddly enough ..this was/is actually my concern as well ..& why i asked the questionJust watch out for that pesky hepatocarcinoma:
"Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a protein that can promote liver carcinogenesis and is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)"
(..i mean the LIVER is already an "organ-of-concern" in this lifestyle)
^^^& well ..it appears to be much more just "pesky hepatacarcinoma"
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a gene that plays a complex role in cancer development, with different roles in different types of cancer:
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): FGF19 overexpression is associated with poor outcomes in HCC patients. FGF19 amplification is detected in 20% of HCC samples, and is associated with poor survival and tumor recurrence. FGF19 and FGFR4 are coexpressed in HCC and promote tumorigenesis.
- Prostate cancer: FGF19 stimulation increases cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
- Colorectal cancer (CRC): FGF19 and FGFR4 are coexpressed in CRC and facilitate tumor growth. FGF19-FGFR4 upregulates ELF4 expression, which promotes CRC metastasis.
- Esophageal cancer, intestinal cancer, and skin cancer: Missense and silent mutations in FGF19 are observed in these cancers.
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" Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 4 (FGFR4) belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR4 is highly activated in certain types of cancer and its activation is closely associated with its specific ligand, FGF19. Indeed, FGF19-FGFR4 signaling is implicated in many cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, and differentiation. Since active FGF19-FGFR4 signaling acts as an oncogenic (←substances/factors that can cause/perpetuate cancer) pathway in certain types of cancer, the development and therapeutic evaluation of FGFR4-specific inhibitors in cancer patients is a topic of significant interest. "
" The FGF19 genomic locus is on the chromosome 11q13.3, and is frequently amplified in human cancers. For example, amplification of the FGF19 genomic locus including the well-established proto-oncogene CCND1, was found in liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer and esophageal cancer (Sawey et al., 2011; Hoover et al., 2015; Tiong et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2017). Hyperactivation of FGFR4 by FGF19 was reported in colon cancer cells and hepatocellar carcinoma. An animal model showed that a neutralizing antibody against FGF19 was able to abrogate liver cancer development in transgenic mice and inhibited xenograft tumors from HCC and colon cancer, suggesting feasibility of FGF19 as a therapeutic target (Desnoyers et al., 2008; French et al., 2012). "
" Accumulating evidence indicates that FGFR4 plays a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis, particularly in those cancer patients who have FGF19 amplification. "
↑seems that FGF19 & FGF4 are BFF ..FGF19 ramps-up/increases FGF4 ..& FGF4 does the stabbing
↑these are just "some" of the highlights ..there's a shit-ton more if anyone wants to read
►LINK:
Dissecting the Role of the FGF19-FGFR4 Signaling Pathway in Cancer Development and Progression - PMC
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 4 (FGFR4) belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR4 is highly activated in certain types of cancer and its activation is closely associated with its specific ligand, FGF19. Indeed, FGF19-FGFR4 ...
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" Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 was amplified in patients with HCC (HepatoCellular Carcinoma) from various studies, including patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. FGF19 plays a syngeneic function with other signaling pathways in primary liver cancer development, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, Wnt/β-catenin, the endoplasmic reticulum–related signaling pathway, STAT3/IL-6, RAS, and extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase, among others. "
►LINK:
The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma - PMC
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Liver resection or liver transplantation is the most effective therapy for HCC because drugs approved by the US ...
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" Fibroblast growth factor 19 expression correlates with tumor progression and poorer prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Results
We found that FGF19 was significantly overexpressed in HCCs as compared with corresponding noncancerous liver tissue. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the tumor FGF19 mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, we found that the FGF19 recombinant protein could increase the proliferation and invasion capabilities of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and inhibited their apoptosis. Inversely, decreasing FGF19 and FGFR4 expression by siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis in JHH7 cells. The postoperative serum FGF19 levels in HCC patients was significantly lower than the preoperative levels.Conclusions
FGF19 is critically involved in the development of HCCs. Targeting FGF19 inhibition is an attractive potential therapeutic strategy for HCC. "►LINK:
Fibroblast growth factor 19 expression correlates with tumor progression and poorer prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma - BMC Cancer
Background Although fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) can promote liver carcinogenesis in mice, its involvement in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well investigated. FGF19, a member of the FGF family, has unique specificity for its receptor FGFR4. This study aimed to clarify...
^^^judging by the number of supporting-studies;
..it seems that the "FCF19" characteristics & effects described above have been well-established ..for some time now
***BTW/FYI/DISCLAIMER;
..i have no horse in this race
..i do not use Humanofort
..i inject ED ..but do not prescribe to Emeric's dosing
..i have nothing against Emeric
..i have respect for Emeric's past accomplishments
→i simply recognized the term "FCF19" from past cancer research
..i had no any idea of Humanofort's connection to FCF19
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