A few considerations:
Increased insulin sensitivity / reduced insulin resistance = improved shuttling of nutrients to muscle and away from fat = improves aesthetics (and overall health).
Increased protein intake (and Leucine) = negates some of the reduced mTOR signaling.
Anabolics = counter reduced IGF-1 signaling.
Weight training = Ditto
rHGH use = Ditto
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Metformin and/or Berberine confer so many health benefits and as such, are invaluable weapons in a bb’ers arsenal IMHO
Other things that are potentially catastrophic to muscle gain that are rarely addressed? Lack of adequate sleep, stress, over-training, some medications, fat mass from being insulin resistant, poor diet (insufficient protein, calories or eating processed BS), not providing the body with micronutrients needed for optimal function (vitamins, minerals, anti-ox’s and anti-inflam’s to protect against catabolic events), dehydration, poor training techniques.......)
Before ditching a product like Metformin or Berberine, address the other glaring issues that also have potential muscle-mass reducing consequences.