High HDL Cholesterol (Hyperalphalipoproteinemia)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is positively associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). As defined by the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, an HDL cholesterol level (HDL-C) of 60 mg/dL or greater is a negative (protective) risk factor.[1] On the other hand, a high-risk HDL cholesterol level is described as one that is below 40 mg/dL. Randomized, controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that interventions to raise HDL cholesterol levels are associated with reduced CHD events. A prospective analysis by Mora et al investigated the link between cholesterol and cardiovascular events in women and found baseline HDL-C level was consistently and inversely associated with incident coronary and coronary vascular disease events across a range of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) values.[2]
The major apolipoproteins of HDL are apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo A-II, the alpha lipoproteins. An elevated concentration of apo A-I and apo A-II is called hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP), which is associated with a lower risk CHD. Conversely, hypoalphalipoproteinemia increases the risk of CHD. The levels at which HDL confers benefit or risk are not discrete, and the cut points are somewhat arbitrary, especially considering that HDL levels are, on average, higher in US women compared with men and higher in blacks compared with whites.
Elevated HDL levels are associated with low levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels. LDL-C levels may be within the reference range or elevated. Persons with HALP do not have any unusual clinical features, and the condition should not be considered a disease entity but rather a fortuitous condition that can increase longevity because of the associated decreased incidence of CHD.[3]
HDL is more tightly controlled by genetic factors than are the other lipoproteins (ie, LDL, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein [IDL], and chylomicrons). For example, in certain families, especially some families with Japanese ancestry, a genetic deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is associated with strikingly elevated HDL cholesterol levels.[4]
However, environmental factors also have a significant impact on HDL levels. Factors that elevate HDL concentrations include chronic alcoholism, treatment with oral estrogen replacement therapy, extensive aerobic exercise, and treatment with niacin, statins, or fibrates.[5, 6, 7] On the other hand, smoking reduces levels of HDL cholesterol, while quitting smoking leads to a rise in the plasma HDL level.
Very high levels of HDL cholesterol have been reported to be atherogenic. The mechanism of this paradoxical effect is not entirely clear.
Longevity
The aging process involves damage to the body and DNA so the key to longevity in the short term is limiting that damage, in the long term it involves repairing the body and DNA.
- Resveratol stimulates sirtuin genes linked to DNA repair. (fruit flies living 30-50% longer)
- *Good cholesterol HDL* is linked to longevity. (*people living to 100*)
- Low insoline is linked to longevity. (worms and fruit flies living longer)
- Sleep is linked to DNA repair.
- The secret of red wine. (resveratol and alcohol)
- Alcohol. (HDL boost and reduced dementia)
- Reduced stress and DNA damage
- Social networks and friends
- Digestion and supplements
- Sex and hormones
- Exercise and growth hormone
- The Legend (cholesterol and inflammation)
- A good diet and lower risk of disease
Sirtuin Genes and Resveratol
The sirtuin genes are part of an intricate stretch response or survival mode response. When times are tough they kick in and increase DNA repair or prevent cell death. Some people use calorie restriction in order to trigger the survival mode response and stimulate the sirtuin genes.
Resveratol also stimulates the sirtuin genes without the calorie restriction or survival mode response.
It is similar to calorie restriction but without the calorie restriction.
DAF2 Genes and Insoline
Decreased or low levels of insoline are also linked to longevity.
So a diet the keeps insoline levels low leads to a longer life similar to calorie restriction.
Good Cholesterol (HDL)
High levels of good cholesterol (HDL) are linked to longevity. (people living to 100)
Exercise is linked to higher HDL levels.
- Aerobic exercise, walking, jogging, exercise that raises your heart rate for 20 - 30 minutes at a time may be the most effective way to increase HDL levels. (duration)
A good diet can also reduce bad cholesterol (LDL) and increase good cholesterol (HDL).
- Vitamin B, B3 Niacin, can help lower bad cholesterol (LDL) and boost good (HDL) cholesterol.
- Alcohol, one or two drinks per day can significantly increase HDL levels.
- Omega-3 fatty acids can also increase HDL levels.
- Monounsaturated fats such as olive oil can increase HDL levels without increasing the total cholesterol.
- Soluble fibers such as oats, fruits, vegetables, and legumes can reduction LDL and an increase HDL levels.
- Calcium supplementation can increase HDL levels. (postmenopausal women)
- Cranberry juice has been shown to increase HDL levels.
- Trans fatty acids, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, can increase LDL and reduce HDL levels.
- Sugar can decrease HDL and increase triglycerides levels.
Lose weight, obesity can increase LDL and reduced HDL levels.
Stop smoking, giving up tobacco will increase HDL levels.
Ultra-low-fat diets have been reported to result in a significant reduction in HDL in some individuals.
Cancer risk is reduced with increased HDL levels.
Detoxification and reduced plaque in blood vessels is linked to HDL cholestrol, the higher the better. (heart disease)