I had some friends take the wrong path... They were hit with the federal minimum mandatory for their actions. 15years... They never were given the option of receiving less time(maybe if they cooperated). And they spent over a 100k each on their defense. They were looking at 15 & got 15(& 1 concurrent for the firearm).
For the federal level its some what less subjective for judges. For one there are federal mandatories. Without having the defendant do some type of migating activity (ratting or leading to bigger and better busts) your friend was pretty much shit out of luck. The judge is pretty much obligated to look at a chart, look at the crime, see if there are any migating circumstances (and if there are none it is black and white) and sentence away. Since your friend didn't "cooperate" if you will he got the federal mandatory.
On a state level the judge is free to use the prosecutors recomendation and/or ignor it completely (much more subjective on the state level).