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Tribulus terrestris(L), puncture vine or small caltrops, belongs to the Zygophyllacee family. It is a 10-60 cm(10-24 inch), high annual herb, with pinnate leaves and yellow flowers. The plant can be found in arid climate regions around the world; for example, in southern USA, Mexico, Spain, Bulgaria, India,and China. The fruits and seeds are of great importance in oriental medicine becouse they are used as an aphrodisiac, diuretic and anthelmintic, as well as to treat coughs and kidney failure.
Previous publications on T.terrestris have reported the isolation of several steroidal saponins, Protodioscin and Protogracillin, Protodioscin the most dominant,as well as alkaloids and flavonoids. Pharmacological studies have shown that saponins are responsible for some of the pharmacological activities of the plant. It has been reported that they stimulate SPERMATOGENESIS, INCREASE THE ACTIVITY OF STERTOLI CELLS, DECREASE URINARY OXALATE, EXCRETION, AND REDUCE THE ACTIVITY OF LIVER ENZYMES SUCH AS GLYCOLATE OXIDASE AND GLAYCOLATE DEHYDROGENASE.
Previous publications on T.terrestris have reported the isolation of several steroidal saponins, Protodioscin and Protogracillin, Protodioscin the most dominant,as well as alkaloids and flavonoids. Pharmacological studies have shown that saponins are responsible for some of the pharmacological activities of the plant. It has been reported that they stimulate SPERMATOGENESIS, INCREASE THE ACTIVITY OF STERTOLI CELLS, DECREASE URINARY OXALATE, EXCRETION, AND REDUCE THE ACTIVITY OF LIVER ENZYMES SUCH AS GLYCOLATE OXIDASE AND GLAYCOLATE DEHYDROGENASE.