Thanks for the info on grey prevention though even I missed this from a review in 2013 and came across it as somebody was asking if SOD or Glu was better.
Most would never notice in a blind test though you would notice less pissing on glu........
Nevertheless, somehow I missed this as Ptero raises BOTH glu and SOD!
Quote:
The evidence presented in this review shows that pterostilbene reduces oxidative stress (OS) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion , which are implicated in the initiation and pathogenesis of several disease processes [13]. In addition, various cell lines treated with pterostilbene have shown increased expression of the antioxidants catalase, total glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Next is in mice, but oh well as the other up mnSOD was in breast tissue:
Further studies show that blueberry supplementation attenuated atherosclerosis by upregulating expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, GSR, and thioredoxin reductase- (TR-) 1 in ApoE deficient mouse models of atherosclerosis [31]. Blueberry supplementation was also shown to reduce H2O2-induced intracellular ROS production in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) [32].
But then it was found to work in colon cells and the sod increased 5.7!
Pterostilbene treatment increased expression of the antioxidants, catalase, GPx, GR, and TR-1 by less than 2-fold and downregulated Bcl-2, a proto-oncogene implicated in colon cancer proliferation [48]. The effects of pterostilbene were most significant upon antioxidant SOD2 expression, producing a 5.7-fold increase in enzyme activity [48]. Some authors have proposed that chemotherapeutic regimens target SOD2 as an additional mechanism for tumor suppression making pterostilbene a potential chemotherapeutic agent [49]
In pancreas:
Further experiments demonstrated that pterostilbene induced upregulation of MnSOD at the genomic level which translated into downstream increased enzymatic activity [64]. Pterostilbene’s ability to increase antioxidant activity by altering expression and enzymatic activity of MnSOD contributes to its credence as an anticancer agent because numerous studies show that pancreatic cancer cells have decreased expression of MnSOD when compared to normal cells and overexpression of MnSOD correlates with decreased pancreatic tumor volume [65–68].
In hamsters and rats, but we have in vitro results in humans showing the same:
hypercholesterolemic hamsters fed 20 ppm oral pterostilbene demonstrated a 29% decrease in plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, 7% increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and 14% decrease in plasma glucose levels compared to controls [79]. The authors also found that pterostilbene in vitro increased PPAR- activation in rat liver cells that was significantly higher than the amount of PPAR- activation produced by the lipid-lowering agent clofibrate. Such findings are significant because derangements of glucose metabolism often accompany hyperlipidemia in diabetics and those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Ultimately, the glucose and lipid-lowering effects of the dietary compound pterostilbene may contribute to its clinical potential for prevention or treatment of diabetes.
Then there's some for you 'brain changers' and it has a good runout:
Bickford and colleagues found evidence that blueberry-fed aged rats had significant improvements in GABA potentiation and increased GSH compared to aged controls. In addition, blueberry-fed aged rats performed rod-running motor tasks at a faster pace compared to controls. The reported findings show that blueberries contain a compound that is capable of increasing GSH antioxidant activity and cerebellar Purkinje cell GABA potentiation resulting in enhanced psychomotor performance in aged rats. Comparable findings were obtained by Malin and colleagues who demonstrated that aged rats maintained on a 1- or 2-month blueberry diet showed significantly higher object memory recognition compared to control rats [87]. The cognitive benefits were seen after termination of the blueberry intervention diet where the 2-month blueberry diet had a longer benefit compared to the 1-month diet suggesting a time-dependent neuroprotective benefit.
A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification