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Roth IRAs are wonderful thing, but most of us are not aware of all the advantages of using one. Let me explain why you should be fully funding a Roth IRA each year.
Tax diversification - Most of us know that withdrawals from a Roth IRA, after 59 1/2, are free of income tax; but there is more to it. You can better control your income burden in retirement. If you find yourself in a lower tax bracket in retirement; withdrawing money from Traditional IRAs first is best. This allows Roth IRA money to continue to grow. If you are in the same tax bracket, you may want to delay taking distributions from a Traditional IRA until you are required to by law. Having both types gives you more options for managing your income taxes each year.
No required minimum distributions - The IRS requires that you begin taking a minimum amount of money from Traditional IRAs, 401(k)s, 403(b)s and other pretax retirement plans when you reach age 70 1/2. This can be a real tax problem for many in retirement. Roth IRAs have no minimum distribution requirement. That's right, you don't have to take money from your Roth IRA at all if you don't want to. This is a great way to pass money along to your children and grandchildren without creating a huge tax burden for them later.
Flexibility - Even though you should be using a Roth IRA for long term retirement investing, the IRS does allow penalty free withdrawals before 59 1/2 in some limited circumstances. You may withdraw contributions at any time for any reason without taxes or penalties. After five years, you may withdraw earnings without penalty (earnings are still subject to income tax) for qualified college expenses, first time home purchases, to pay medical insurance premiums when unemployed, and to pay unreimbursed medical expenses above 7.5% of you adjusted gross income.
Conversions - If you have a Traditional IRA funded with deductible contributions or an IRA funded with non-deductible contributions, converting those accounts to a Roth IRA may be right for you. Make sure you can pay the income taxes due on the conversion with after-tax money. If you are under 59 1/2 and use money from the IRA to pay the income taxes due on the conversion, that amount will be considered a premature distribution subject to taxes and the 10% penalties. The bottom line is: don't pay taxes due on a conversion with money from an IRA!
As you can see, there are some tangible benefits to investing in a Roth IRA. The odds are good that tax rates will be higher for almost everyone in the future. Tax free free income will become even more important to retirees down the road. So, if you are eligible, make sure to fund a Roth IRA annually.