Hormesis. We Are Walking Pharmacy/Pharmacopeia

[Muay Thai]

Goal Here:​

I aspire for this thread/discussion to flourish, encompassing the entirety of the wide spectrum of natural hormones that our bodies produce, delving into their intricacies such as their production, timing, triggers, subsequent reactions and responses, interconnections, synergies, and counterbalances. I am eager to witness and learn from everyone's contributions and perspectives. - Muay Thai.

NOTES:​

Pharmacopeia:: a book describing drugs, chemicals, and medicinal preparations. especially: one issued by an officially recognized authority and serving as a standard. : a collection or stock of drugs

Hormesis: is a term that toxicologists use to describe how our bodies respond to certain substances. It means that at low doses, these substances can be good for us, but at high doses, they can be harmful. For example, a little bit of sunlight is good for us and helps our bodies make Vitamin D, but too much sunlight can give us sunburns and increase the risk of skin cancer. The effects of a substance on our body depend on how much of it we are exposed to, and sometimes a little bit can be helpful while too much can be harmful.
is a term used by toxicologists to refer to a biphasic dose response to an environmental agent characterized by a low-dose stimulation or beneficial effect and a high-dose inhibitory or toxic effect?

When we are involved in a physical fight, our body undergoes a cascade of physiological changes in response to the stress of the situation. Hormesis, which is the principle that a low dose of a stressor can actually be beneficial for our health, may play a role in the body's response to a physical fight. However, the primary driver of the body's response is the sympathetic nervous system, which is activated in response to stress.

The sympathetic nervous system releases the hormone norepinephrine (also called noradrenaline), which prepares the body for action. This hormone causes the heart rate and blood pressure to increase, which increases blood flow to the muscles and brain. The increased blood flow delivers more oxygen and nutrients to these tissues, which helps them function more effectively.

At the same time, the sympathetic nervous system triggers the release of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream. This provides the body with a quick source of energy to fuel the fight-or-flight response. In addition, the adrenal glands release the hormone adrenaline (also called epinephrine), which further activates the sympathetic nervous system and increases blood flow and glucose levels.

Other epigenetic responses that occur during a physical fight include the release of cortisol, which helps the body cope with stress by increasing blood sugar levels and suppressing the immune system. This response can be beneficial in the short term but can have negative effects on health if it is chronic.

Vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate also increase during a physical fight. These changes are the result of the sympathetic nervous system activation and are a normal part of the body's response to stress.

Overall, the body's response to a physical fight is complex and involves a variety of physiological changes that are designed to help us cope with the stress of the situation. While hormesis may play a role in this response, the primary driver is the sympathetic nervous system and the hormones and other signals it releases.

INTIMACY:​

When we engage in physical intimacy such as kissing, hugging, and having sexual intercourse, a cascade of hormonal and neurological responses are triggered in our body. It all begins with the stimulation of nerve endings in the skin, which send signals to the brain's limbic system, the part of the brain responsible for emotions and behavior.

The limbic system activates the release of hormones such as oxytocin, dopamine, and endorphins. Oxytocin is commonly referred to as the "love hormone" as it promotes bonding and intimacy between partners. Dopamine is associated with pleasure and reward and is released in response to pleasurable sensations. Endorphins act as natural painkillers and create feelings of euphoria and relaxation.

During sexual arousal, the body also experiences an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and glucose levels rise to provide energy for physical activity. The release of electrolytes, bile, and digestive enzymes is also increased to facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients.

As sexual activity continues, the body experiences a sequence of chemical reactions involving the release of hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules. For example, during orgasm, there is a surge of oxytocin and endorphins, creating a sense of intense pleasure and emotional connection between partners.

After sexual activity, the body undergoes a series of physiological changes. Hormone levels return to baseline, heart rate and blood pressure gradually normalize, and glucose levels decrease. Electrolyte and fluid levels are also restored to balance, and the body enters a state of relaxation.

Overall, physical intimacy and sexual activity involve a complex interplay of hormonal and neurological responses that affect various physiological functions in the body.

If anyone can add to this list, that would be great! these are the major ones:

Here is a list of the major natural hormones our body produces, along with a brief description of their functions and interactions:

1. Adrenaline: Also known as epinephrine, adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and prepares the body for fight or flight.
2. Cortisol: Produced by the adrenal glands, cortisol helps regulate blood sugar, metabolism, and immune response. It is often referred to as the "stress hormone" because it is released in response to stress and can cause negative health effects if chronically elevated.
3. Estrogen: Produced mainly by the ovaries in women and in smaller amounts in men, estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and bone health.
4. Progesterone: Produced by the ovaries in women and the testes in men, progesterone helps prepare the body for pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining and suppressing ovulation.
5. Testosterone: Produced mainly by the testes in men and the ovaries in women, testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in men, including muscle growth and bone density. It also plays a role in regulating sex drive and mood.
6. Insulin: Produced by the pancreas, insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose for energy.
7. Glucagon: Also produced by the pancreas, glucagon works in opposition to insulin by raising blood sugar levels when they get too low.
8. Growth hormone: Produced by the pituitary gland, growth hormone stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals.
9. Thyroid hormone: Produced by the thyroid gland, thyroid hormone regulates metabolism, body temperature, and other important bodily functions.
10. Melatonin: Produced by the pineal gland, melatonin regulates sleep and wake cycles and is involved in the body's circadian rhythms.

These hormones interact with each other in complex ways. For example, estrogen and progesterone work together to regulate the menstrual cycle, and cortisol can suppress testosterone production. Additionally, insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood sugar levels, and thyroid hormones can affect the production of other hormones in the body.

The production and release of these hormones are regulated by a number of factors, including the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain, as well as feedback loops that help maintain balance in the body. Each hormone plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and well-being, and disruptions in their production or regulation can have significant negative effects on the body.

 

[Muay Thai]

Here are 10 circumstances or events that can induce hormesis in humans, along with a brief description of how and why:

1. Exercise: Physical activity is a well-known inducer of hormesis. Regular exercise has been shown to activate various hormetic pathways, such as the production of heat shock proteins, which can help to protect cells from damage.
2. Caloric restriction: Studies have found that reducing caloric intake can increase lifespan and promote health in many different ways. This is thought to occur through hormetic mechanisms, as the body responds to the mild stress of food restriction by upregulating protective pathways.
3. Exposure to cold temperatures: Cold exposure is a potent inducer of hormesis, as the body responds to the stress of cold temperatures by activating thermogenic pathways and increasing the production of heat shock proteins.
4. Intermittent fasting: Similar to caloric restriction, intermittent fasting is thought to induce hormesis through the mild stress of temporary food deprivation, which triggers protective pathways that can promote health.
5. Exposure to low levels of toxins: Low-level exposure to certain toxins, such as radiation or heavy metals, can induce hormesis by activating cellular repair mechanisms that help to prevent damage from more severe exposures.
6. Sun exposure: Regular sun exposure can induce hormesis in the skin, as the body responds to the mild stress of UV radiation by producing melanin, which protects against damage and reduces the risk of skin cancer.
7. Exposure to exercise mimetics: Certain compounds, such as resveratrol and other polyphenols, can activate hormetic pathways that are similar to those activated by exercise, which can promote health even in the absence of physical activity.
8. Exposure to psychological stress: While chronic stress can have negative effects on health, acute stressors can actually induce hormesis by activating protective pathways that help the body to cope with stress.
9. Exposure to infectious agents: The body's immune system can be activated by exposure to low levels of infectious agents, such as viruses and bacteria, which can induce hormetic pathways and enhance immunity.
10. Exposure to hormetic compounds: There are many compounds found in nature that can induce hormesis, such as curcumin, sulforaphane, and quercetin, among others. These compounds can activate protective pathways and promote health in a variety of ways.

AUTOPHAGY (a very interesting process)

Autophagy is a process in which cells break down and recycle damaged or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. It is considered a cellular response to various types of stress, including hormesis. Hormesis can induce autophagy by activating cellular signaling pathways, including AMPK and mTOR, which can trigger autophagy.

Here are 10 benefits of autophagy for humans:

1. Removes damaged proteins and organelles, promoting cell survival and function.
2. Improves insulin sensitivity, helping to regulate blood sugar levels.
3. Boosts immune function by removing damaged cells and promoting the production of new immune cells.
4. Supports brain health and can potentially reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by removing damaged cells and protein aggregates.
5. Promotes longevity and healthy aging by supporting cellular health and reducing the risk of age-related diseases.
6. Helps to protect against cancer by removing damaged cells and reducing the risk of mutations.
7. Supports cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and improving cholesterol levels.
8. Improves muscle health and can enhance exercise performance by promoting muscle repair and growth.
9. Enhances detoxification by removing toxins and promoting the production of new cells.
10. Improves metabolic function and can potentially help with weight loss by regulating cellular energy metabolism.

Autophagy can be induced through various methods, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, exercise, and certain supplements such as resveratrol and spermidine.​

During autophagy, levels of hormones such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) decrease, while levels of glucagon and growth hormone increase. Glucose levels also decrease as cells switch from using glucose for energy to using stored fats and proteins.

The duration of autophagy can vary depending on the severity of the stressor and the individual's metabolic state. In general, autophagy can last from a few hours to several days, but eventually, the process is shut off by feedback mechanisms that prevent the excessive breakdown of cellular components.

During autophagy cycles, the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and organs that help to remove waste and toxins from the body, is involved in removing the cellular debris produced during the process. The lymphatic system contains lymph nodes, which are small bean-shaped structures that act as filters for the lymphatic fluid.

The cellular debris and metabolic waste products produced during autophagy are broken down into smaller molecules and are transported via the lymphatic system to the lymph nodes, where they are filtered and removed from the body.

Autophagy helps to clear away damaged and dysfunctional cells and organelles, reducing the accumulation of toxic waste products that can contribute to various diseases. The removal of these waste products by the lymphatic system is an important part of this process, ensuring that they are safely eliminated from the body.

During autophagy cycles, the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and organs that help to remove waste and toxins from the body, is involved in removing the cellular debris produced during the process. The lymphatic system contains lymph nodes, which are small bean-shaped structures that act as filters for the lymphatic fluid.

The cellular debris and metabolic waste products produced during autophagy are broken down into smaller molecules and are transported via the lymphatic system to the lymph nodes, where they are filtered and removed from the body.

Autophagy helps to clear away damaged and dysfunctional cells and organelles, reducing the accumulation of toxic waste products that can contribute to various diseases. The removal of these waste products by the lymphatic system is an important part of this process, ensuring that they are safely eliminated from the body.

Benefits of HSP (Heat Shock Proteins):

1. Cell protection: HSPs help protect cells from damage caused by stress, heat, and other environmental factors.
2. Protein folding: HSPs assist in protein folding, ensuring the proper structure and function of proteins.
3. Cellular repair: HSPs aid in repairing damaged cells by binding to and stabilizing damaged proteins.
4. Immune system support: HSPs can act as an antigen, stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies and T-cells.
5. Neuroprotection: HSPs have been shown to protect neurons from damage and death caused by various neurological diseases and conditions.
6. Anti-inflammatory effects: HSPs can help regulate the immune response and reduce inflammation in the body.
7. Improved athletic performance: HSPs can increase endurance and speed recovery time after physical activity by protecting muscles from damage.
8. Cardiovascular protection: HSPs have been shown to protect against heart disease by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
9. Anti-cancer effects: HSPs can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells and prevent tumor growth.
10. Longevity: HSPs have been linked to increased lifespan in various animal studies.

Benefits of CSP (Cold Shock Proteins):

1. Cellular repair: CSPs help repair damaged cells caused by cold stress by binding to and stabilizing damaged proteins.
2. Improved immune function: CSPs can increase the production of white blood cells and other immune cells.
3. Anti-inflammatory effects: CSPs can help reduce inflammation in the body and improve immune system function.
4. Improved athletic performance: CSPs can increase endurance and speed recovery time after physical activity by protecting muscles from damage caused by cold stress.
5. Cardiovascular protection: CSPs can improve cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
6. Improved cognitive function: CSPs have been shown to improve memory and learning in animal studies.
7. Anti-aging effects: CSPs have been linked to increased lifespan in various animal studies.
8. Weight loss: Cold exposure can activate CSPs and increase metabolism, leading to weight loss.
9. Improved mood: Cold exposure has been shown to improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.
10. Improved sleep: Cold exposure can improve sleep quality and duration.

The best way to induce HSP and CSP activation is through exposure to heat and cold stress, respectively. This can be achieved through activities such as saunas, hot baths, and cold showers or immersion.

Taking niacin before a workout or sauna may benefit detoxification by increasing blood flow and promoting vasodilation, which can enhance the elimination of toxins from the body. Niacin has also been shown to activate HSPs, further enhancing their benefits.

 

[Muay Thai]

Benefits of sauna:

1. Detoxification: Saunas promote sweating, which can help eliminate toxins from the body.
2. Improved cardiovascular health: Saunas can improve blood flow and reduce inflammation, leading to improved cardiovascular health.
3. Pain relief: Saunas can help relieve pain by increasing blood flow and reducing inflammation.
4. Improved athletic performance: Saunas can increase endurance and speed recovery time after physical activity by activating HSPs and protecting muscles from damage.
5. Immune system support: Saunas can stimulate the immune system by increasing the production of white blood cells and antibodies.
6. Stress relief: Saunas can help reduce stress and improve mood by promoting relaxation and reducing cortisol levels.
7. Improved skin health: Saunas can improve skin health by promoting sweating and blood flow, which can help eliminate toxins and improve skin tone.
8. Weight loss: Saunas can aid in weight loss by increasing metabolism and promoting detoxification.
9. Respiratory health: Saunas can improve respiratory health by opening airways and reducing inflammation in the lungs

Regarding ampK and mTOR:

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) are both important regulators of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis in the body. They have opposite effects on the anabolic and catabolic pathways, and their activation can have various potential benefits for health and fitness.

AMPK is a protein kinase that is activated in response to low energy status in cells. It is involved in regulating cellular energy metabolism and is known to stimulate processes that produce ATP (the primary source of cellular energy) while inhibiting processes that consume it. Some potential benefits of AMPK activation include:

• Increased fat burning and improved insulin sensitivity, which may help with weight loss and prevent or manage type 2 diabetes.
• Reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, which are associated with many chronic diseases.
• Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, which can improve cellular energy production and resilience.
• Increased autophagy, which helps to clear damaged cells and organelles and maintain cellular health.

mTOR, on the other hand, is a protein kinase that regulates cell growth and proliferation in response to nutrient availability and growth factors. It is activated by factors such as amino acids, insulin, and growth hormones, and is involved in promoting anabolic processes such as protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and tissue growth. Some potential benefits of mTOR activation include:

• Increased muscle mass and strength, which can be beneficial for athletes and bodybuilders.
• Enhanced bone density, which may help prevent osteoporosis.
• Improved wound healing and tissue repair.
• Stimulated immune response to infections and other threats.

However, excessive mTOR activation has also been linked to various negative health outcomes, such as accelerated aging, cancer, and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, it is important to balance the effects of AMPK and mTOR activation in the body, depending on the specific health and fitness goals.

In summary, activating AMPK and mTOR can have various potential benefits for human health and fitness, but it is important to consider the context and balance the effects of these pathways for optimal outcomes. AMPK and mTOR are both complex signaling pathways that interact with multiple other pathways and molecules in the body, and their activation can have various downstream effects on cellular and metabolic processes.

Lymphatic System Facts:
There are several ways to support the lymphatic system and improve its flow, including:

1. Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve lymphatic flow by promoting circulation and muscle contraction, which helps move lymphatic fluid throughout the body.
2. Massage: Lymphatic drainage massage is a specialized technique that can help promote lymphatic flow and reduce swelling.
3. Compression garments: Wearing compression garments can help reduce swelling and improve lymphatic flow by applying gentle pressure to the affected area.
4. Hydration: Staying hydrated is essential for maintaining healthy lymphatic function, as it helps to keep lymphatic fluid flowing smoothly.
5. Diet: Eating a healthy, balanced diet that is rich in fruits and vegetables can help support lymphatic health by providing the body with essential nutrients and antioxidants.
6. Yoga: Certain yoga poses, such as downward-facing dog and legs up-the-wall, can help promote lymphatic flow by using gravity to stimulate lymphatic drainage.
7. Inversion tables: Inversion tables are designed to help increase blood flow and promote lymphatic drainage by inverting the body at an angle.

Overall, the key to promoting lymphatic flow is to maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, hydration, and stress management techniques. While certain interventions like massage, compression garments, and inversion tables may offer additional benefits, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before trying any new treatments or therapies.

 

[Muay Thai]

There are several ways to support the lymphatic system and improve its flow, including:

1. Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve lymphatic flow by promoting circulation and muscle contraction, which helps move lymphatic fluid throughout the body.
2. Massage: Lymphatic drainage massage is a specialized technique that can help promote lymphatic flow and reduce swelling.
3. Compression garments: Wearing compression garments can help reduce swelling and improve lymphatic flow by applying gentle pressure to the affected area.
4. Hydration: Staying hydrated is essential for maintaining healthy lymphatic function, as it helps to keep lymphatic fluid flowing smoothly.
5. Diet: Eating a healthy, balanced diet that is rich in fruits and vegetables can help support lymphatic health by providing the body with essential nutrients and antioxidants.
6. Yoga: Certain yoga poses, such as downward-facing dog and legs-up-the-wall, can help promote lymphatic flow by using gravity to stimulate lymphatic drainage.
7. Inversion tables: Inversion tables are designed to help increase blood flow and promote lymphatic drainage by inverting the body at an angle.

Overall, the key to promoting lymphatic flow is to maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, hydration, and stress management techniques. While certain interventions like massage, compression garments, and inversion tables may offer additional benefits, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before trying any new treatments or therapies.

The difference between these two pharmacology terms:

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are two different areas of pharmacology.

Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body affects a drug. This includes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of a drug. In other words, pharmacokinetics is the study of how the drug moves through the body, how it is processed by the body, and how long it stays in the body.

Pharmacodynamics, on the other hand, refers to how the drug affects the body. This includes the mechanisms of action, the effects on the body, and the side effects of the drug. In other words, pharmacodynamics is the study of how the drug interacts with the body, how it produces its effects, and what effects it has on different parts of the body.

There are several other popular realms and fields of pharmacology studies, including:

1. Toxicology: The study of the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on living organisms, including the mechanisms of toxicity, dose-response relationships, and the detection, prevention, and treatment of toxicity.
2. Clinical pharmacology: The study of how drugs work in humans, including the effects of drugs on the body, drug interactions, and the safety and effectiveness of drugs in treating diseases.
3. Neuropharmacology: The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system, including the mechanisms of drug action, drug development for neurological disorders, and the treatment of addiction and psychiatric disorders.
4. Cardiovascular pharmacology: The study of drugs that affect the heart and blood vessels, including the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
5. Immunopharmacology: The study of drugs that affect the immune system, including the development of immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory drugs, and the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer.
6. Molecular pharmacology: The study of the molecular mechanisms of drug action, including drug-receptor interactions, signal transduction pathways, and the regulation of gene expression.
7. Pharmacogenomics: The study of how genetic variations affect drug response, including the identification of genetic biomarkers for drug efficacy and toxicity.
8. Environmental pharmacology: The study of how drugs and other chemicals interact with the environment, including the effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic-terrestrial ecosystems.
9. Each of these fields has its own unique focus and approaches to studying the effects of drugs on living systems, and all are important for advancing our understanding of pharmacology and improving the use of drugs in medicine.

Neuropharmacology Notes (using marijuana and ketamine as examples)

Neuropharmacology is a field of study that focuses on the effects of drugs on the nervous system. It involves the study of neurotransmitters, their receptors, and how drugs interact with these receptors to affect the nervous system. One example of how neuropharmacology is involved in drug use is with marijuana. The active ingredient in marijuana, THC, binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain, which can lead to a variety of effects such as altered mood, perception, and appetite.

Recent developments in neuropharmacology include the discovery of new neurotransmitter receptors, the development of drugs that target specific receptors, and the use of imaging techniques to study the effects of drugs on the brain. Additionally, there has been a focus on developing drugs that can treat neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety.

Ketamine is a drug that has been used as an anesthetic and for pain relief. It is also known for its ability to produce hallucinogenic effects. The neuropharmacology of ketamine involves its interaction with the NMDA receptor, which is involved in learning and memory. Ketamine acts as an antagonist to this receptor, which leads to a decrease in the activity of certain brain regions and the production of the drug's effects. Recent research has shown that ketamine may have potential as a treatment for depression, as it can rapidly improve symptoms in some patients.

 

[Muay Thai]

O/T but to further elaborate on how certain compounds affect our biology, neurology, and chemistry (**EDIT**)

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NO TALK ABOUT REC DRUGS ARE ALLOWED! AGAINST THE RULES!!

Now, to dive further into our brains regions, and cool facts about them, their mechanisms and responsibilities:

There are many brain regions involved in various functions, so I'll give a brief overview of some important ones:

1. Prefrontal cortex: This region is responsible for executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and impulse control. It also plays a role in working memory and attention.
2. Hippocampus: This region is important for learning and memory, particularly the formation of new memories.
3. Amygdala: The amygdala is involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
4. Basal ganglia: This region is involved in motor control and procedural learning. It also plays a role in reward processing and motivation.
5. Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus regulates many bodily functions, including hunger and thirst, body temperature, and the sleep-wake cycle. It also plays a role in the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
6. Pituitary gland: The pituitary gland produces and releases a variety of hormones that regulate many bodily functions, including growth and reproduction.
7. Cerebellum: The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and balance. It also plays a role in some cognitive functions, such as language and attention.

These brain regions are interconnected and often work together to perform complex tasks. Hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, can affect these regions and their functioning. Additionally, neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are involved in regulating the activity of these brain regions.

Now I will select one of the aforementioned brain regions, and break it down some:
The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by producing and releasing different hormones. Here is a list of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland and their functions:

1. Growth Hormone (GH): Stimulates growth and development in children and adolescents, and helps regulate metabolism and body composition in adults.
2. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a hormone that helps regulate stress responses and metabolism.
3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which help regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
4. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in women and sperm production in men.
5. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men.
6. Prolactin: Stimulates milk production in lactating women and may also play a role in regulating fertility and metabolism.
7. Endorphins: Act as natural painkillers and can also produce a sense of euphoria or pleasure.
8. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH): Regulates skin pigmentation and may also play a role in appetite control and sexual arousal.

The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary produces and releases the first six hormones on this list, while the posterior pituitary releases the last three hormones (endorphins, MSH, and oxytocin).

These hormones are regulated by various feedback mechanisms in the body, such as the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, which helps maintain balance and homeostasis. Imbalances in these hormones can lead to a range of health problems, such as growth disorders, thyroid dysfunction, infertility, and stress-related disorders.

 

[Muay Thai]

List of Endorphin Chemicals Humans Naturally Biologically Produce:​

There are three primary types of endorphins: beta-endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins.

Beta-endorphins are primarily produced in the pituitary gland and have a powerful pain-relieving effect. They are also involved in the body's response to stress and exercise and can induce feelings of euphoria and well-being.

Enkephalins are produced throughout the nervous system and are particularly concentrated in the spinal cord and brainstem. They have a similar pain-relieving effect to beta-endorphins and are involved in regulating mood, appetite, and blood pressure.

Dynorphins are produced in various parts of the brain, particularly the hypothalamus and amygdala. They play a role in pain regulation, mood, and addiction, and may have a role in regulating the immune system and inflammation.

Other endorphin-like compounds include endomorphins, which are primarily found in the spinal cord and have a potent pain-relieving effect, and nociceptin, which is involved in pain perception and anxiety.

Oxytocin: Why, Where & How Is It Produced?

Oxytocin is a hormone produced primarily in the hypothalamus and secreted by the pituitary gland. Its primary function is to facilitate social bonding and attachment. Oxytocin is often referred to as the "love hormone" because it is released during positive social interactions, such as hugging, kissing, or cuddling.

In women, oxytocin is also involved in the process of childbirth, stimulating contractions of the uterus during labor and delivery. It is also involved in the let-down reflex during breastfeeding, where it causes milk to be released from the mammary glands.

Oxytocin has been shown to have a number of other functions as well, including:

1. Reducing anxiety and stress: Oxytocin has been shown to have anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) and stress-reducing effects and may play a role in regulating the body's response to stress.
2. Promoting social bonding: Oxytocin plays a key role in social bonding and attachment and is involved in pair bonding between romantic partners.
3. Enhancing trust: Oxytocin has been shown to increase trust between individuals and may play a role in promoting cooperation and prosocial behavior.
4. Regulating appetite: Oxytocin may play a role in regulating appetite and energy metabolism and has been shown to reduce food intake in some studies.
5. Modulating pain perception: Oxytocin has been shown to have analgesic (pain-reducing) effects, and may play a role in modulating pain perception.
6. Improving sexual function: Oxytocin has been shown to play a role in sexual arousal and orgasm and may enhance sexual function in some individuals.
7. Regulating blood pressure: Oxytocin may help regulate blood pressure by promoting the relaxation of blood vessels.
8. Enhancing wound healing: Oxytocin has been shown to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.
9. Improving memory and learning: Oxytocin may play a role in improving memory and learning and has been shown to enhance cognitive function in some studies.
10. Modulating immune function: Oxytocin may play a role in regulating immune function, and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in some studies
11. Overall, oxytocin plays a crucial role in social bonding, attachment, and regulating a number of physiological processes throughout the body.

 

[Reload]

Very interesting. Lots of info to read through. Thanks MT.

 

[Muay Thai]

HGH - it's comprised of 191 amino acids, but is it a "SEQUENCE" like the next 5 important molecules I will talk about after?
Human growth hormone, or HGH, is made up of a sequence of 191 amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are large molecules that perform many important functions in our bodies. Think of amino acids like letters of the alphabet, and proteins like words made up of those letters.

In the case of HGH, the specific sequence of amino acids in the protein is what gives it its unique structure and function. The sequence is like a blueprint that tells the body how to make the HGH molecule. This molecule is then released by the pituitary gland in the brain, and travels throughout the body to stimulate growth and repair.

DNA, on the other hand, is not an amino acid sequence, but rather a molecule made up of smaller units called nucleotides. DNA contains the instructions for making all of the proteins in our bodies, including HGH. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is like a code that tells our cells which amino acids to use in making each protein. This is why DNA is sometimes referred to as the "blueprint of life."

Here are five examples of important molecules in the human body that are comprised of amino acid sequences:

1. Insulin: Insulin is a peptide hormone that is made up of two amino acid chains linked by disulfide bonds. Its primary function is to regulate glucose metabolism by signaling cells to uptake glucose from the bloodstream.
2. Collagen: Collagen is a protein that is found in connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and skin. It is made up of a unique sequence of amino acids that gives it its strength and structural integrity.
3. Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. It is made up of four protein subunits, each of which contains a heme group that binds to oxygen.
4. Antibodies: Antibodies are proteins that are produced by the immune system to help identify and neutralize foreign pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. They are made up of a unique sequence of amino acids that allows them to bind specifically to their target antigens.
5. Myosin: Myosin is a protein found in muscle tissue that is responsible for muscle contraction. It is made up of a unique sequence of amino acids that allows it to interact with actin filaments and generate force.

The "blueprint" information for producing HGH is stored in the DNA molecule, specifically within the gene that codes for the HGH protein. This information is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) through a process called transcription. The mRNA molecule then travels to the ribosomes, where it is translated into the amino acid sequence that makes up the HGH protein. Finally, the protein is folded into its functional three-dimensional structure and transported to its destination in the body.

I'm interested in learning about the connection between amino acids and nucleotides in DNA. Can you clarify their respective functions and variances? Additionally, could you provide a definition for the term "nucleotide"? Moreover, I'm curious about the distinctions between a cell, molecule, proton, electron, atom, amoeba, nucleus, and protozoa.

OK-

Amino acids and nucleotides are different types of building blocks that make up different types of molecules in the human body. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are complex molecules that perform various functions in the body, such as enzyme catalysis, cell signaling, and structural support. In contrast, nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, which are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in the body.
A nucleotide is a molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous base can be one of four types: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (in DNA), or uracil (in RNA). The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while the sugar in RNA is ribose. The phosphate group is the same in both DNA and RNA, consisting of a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.

A cell is the basic unit of life and the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A proton is a subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom. An electron is a subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits around the nucleus. An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. An amoeba is a type of single-celled organism that moves and feeds using pseudopods. The nucleus is the central part of a cell that contains the genetic material, including DNA. A protozoan is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that is classified into various groups based on their characteristics and the type of movement they use.

 

[Muay Thai]

Can you tell me about the different types of blood around the world? What makes them different in terms of antigens and antibodies? Also, what's the difference between an antigen and an antibody? I'm interested in the theory of eating for my blood type. What should I eat if I have type A+ blood? How can I stay healthy overall? Lastly, do you have any interesting facts about A+ blood?

The main blood types in the world are A, B, AB, and O. Each blood type is classified based on the presence or absence of certain antigens and antibodies in the blood. Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response in the body, while antibodies are proteins that recognize and neutralize foreign substances.

Type A blood has the A antigen on its red blood cells and produces antibodies against the B antigen. Type B blood has the B antigen on its red blood cells and produces antibodies against the A antigen. Type AB blood has both the A and B antigens on its red blood cells and does not produce any antibodies against them. Type O blood does not have either the A or B antigen on its red blood cells and produces antibodies against both A and B antigens.

The theory of eating for your blood type suggests that individuals should eat a diet tailored to their specific blood type in order to optimize health and prevent certain diseases. According to this theory, individuals with type A blood should follow a primarily vegetarian diet and avoid meat and dairy products.

In terms of lifestyle, there is no specific recommendation based solely on blood type. However, it is generally recommended that individuals maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a balanced diet.

Some interesting and lesser-known facts about A+ blood type include that it is relatively rare, accounting for only about one-third of the population and that individuals with A+ blood type may have a higher risk of certain health conditions, such as heart disease and certain types of cancer. Additionally, A+ blood type is the second-most common blood type in the United States, after O+.

I would like to know the amount of zinc required to reduce estrogen levels in males. Additionally, which types of estrogen does it specifically target, and how does it work? Also, what results can one anticipate? Finally, at what dose and for how long should one take it for effective estrogen-lowering results?




The amount of zinc needed to lower estrogen levels in males can vary depending on various factors such as age, body weight, and overall health. However, some studies suggest that a daily intake of 30-50 mg of zinc can help to lower estrogen levels in males.
Zinc can help to target and lower levels of the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for converting testosterone to estrogen. By inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, zinc can help to reduce the conversion of testosterone to estrogen, resulting in a decrease in estrogen levels.

The result one can expect from taking zinc to lower estrogen levels can vary depending on the individual's starting estrogen levels, their overall health, and other factors. Some men may see a significant reduction in their estrogen levels, while others may only see a slight decrease.

It is important to note that taking high doses of zinc for extended periods can be harmful and may lead to zinc toxicity. Therefore, it is recommended to take zinc supplements only under the guidance of a healthcare professional and to follow the recommended dose and duration.

 

[Muay Thai]

Can you explain the role of the A antigen found in type A blood? What about B antigen? Why do individuals with type B blood produce antibodies against the A antigen, and vice versa for those with type A blood? For type AB blood, which contains both antigens, do they have a stronger immune system or are they more susceptible to infections and diseases? Lastly, type O blood lacks both antigens and produces antibodies against both A and B antigens. Are there any diseases specifically linked to this blood type?

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of specific proteins, called antigens, on the surface of red blood cells. Type A blood has the A antigen on its red blood cells, while type B blood has the B antigen. The A antigen is responsible for distinguishing type A blood from other blood types.

When a person receives a blood transfusion with the wrong blood type, their immune system may attack the foreign blood cells. For example, if someone with type A blood receives a transfusion of type B blood, their body will recognize the B antigen as foreign and produce antibodies against it. These antibodies will then attack the transfused blood cells and can cause a dangerous reaction.

Having the A antigen on red blood cells means that a person's immune system will not produce antibodies against their own blood cells. However, they will produce antibodies against the B antigen if they are exposed to it, which can happen through blood transfusions or during pregnancy if the fetus has type B blood.

The B antigen is similar to the A antigen but has a different structure. Type B blood produces antibodies against the A antigen for the same reason that type A blood produces antibodies against the B antigen.

Type AB blood has both the A and B antigens on its red blood cells, so it does not produce antibodies against either one. This means that people with type AB blood can receive transfusions of any blood type without having an adverse reaction. However, type AB blood is not necessarily better or worse than other blood types in terms of immune function.

Type O blood does not have either the A or B antigen on its red blood cells, which means that people with type O blood can only receive transfusions from other type O donors. However, type O blood is considered the universal donor because it can be transfused to people with any blood type.

Different blood types are associated with different diseases and health risks. For example, people with type A blood are more susceptible to certain infections, such as cholera and malaria, while people with type O blood are more resistant to some types of heart disease. However, it's important to note that blood type is just one factor among many that can influence a person's health.

 

[Muay Thai]

What hormones are natural vasodilators?

Which are vasodilators? Specifically, do any biological and synthetic hormones, enzymes (if any), herbs, spices, or amino acids cause vasoconstriction? Vasoconstriction is caused by what physiological or biological processes? When humans inject insulin and consume a high protein, moderate fat, and carbohydrate-rich healthy organic meal, what is shuttled to skeletal muscle cells, including glucose? does it also shuttle any of the following: fats, electrolytes, sodium, protein, enzymes, potential bioflavonoids, peptides, amino acids, growth factors, and hormones into our skeletal muscle when we inject insulin and have carbs ready to convert to glucose inside of us?

Natural chemicals: The release of certain chemicals within the body can cause vasodilation. Examples include nitric oxide and carbon dioxide, as well as hormones such as histamine, acetylcholine, and prostaglandins

When insulin is injected and a high protein, moderate fat, and a carbohydrate-rich meal is consumed, insulin helps to shuttle glucose into skeletal muscle cells for energy. Insulin can also stimulate the uptake of amino acids into muscle cells, which can aid in protein synthesis and muscle growth. However, insulin does not shuttle fats, electrolytes, sodium, enzymes, bioflavonoids, or hormones into muscle cells. These substances can be transported into muscle cells by other mechanisms, such as through specific transporters or receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Do any biological and synthetic hormones, enzymes (if any), herbs, spices, vitamins, minerals, or amino acids cause vasodilation? vasodilation is caused by what physiological, metabolic, or biological processes? Please describe in detail the differences between physiological, neurological, metabolic, and biological processes. What are some other types of biological processes?


Yes, there are several biological and synthetic substances that can cause vasodilation. Here are some examples:

1. Nitric oxide (NO): This is a gas produced by cells in the lining of blood vessels that causes relaxation of the smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation.
2. Prostaglandins: These are hormone-like substances that are produced by cells throughout the body and can cause vasodilation.
3. Adenosine: This is a chemical produced by cells in response to low oxygen levels that can cause vasodilation.
4. Histamine: This is a chemical released by cells in response to injury or infection that can cause vasodilation.
5. Calcium channel blockers: These are medications that block the entry of calcium into smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation.

Vasodilation can occur through various physiological, neurological, and metabolic processes. For example, increased blood flow to muscles during exercise can cause vasodilation through the release of vasodilators like nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Neurological processes, such as the release of acetylcholine by nerve fibers that innervate blood vessels, can also cause vasodilation. Metabolic processes, such as the production of adenosine during low oxygen levels, can also trigger vasodilation.

Other types of biological processes include growth and development, reproduction, digestion, and immune response, among others.

Can you please provide me with information about vasoconstriction?

Yes, several biological and synthetic compounds can cause vasoconstriction, including hormones such as adrenaline and norepinephrine, and drugs such as vasopressin and phenylephrine.
Vasoconstriction is caused by the contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, which reduces the diameter of the vessels and increases vascular resistance. This can be triggered by several factors, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and changes in blood pressure or volume.

Yes, there are several hormones, enzymes, and other compounds that can cause vasoconstriction, including:

• Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland that can cause vasoconstriction when it binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels.
• Angiotensin II is a hormone that is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and can cause vasoconstriction by binding to receptors on blood vessels.
• Endothelin-1 is a peptide that is produced by endothelial cells lining blood vessels and can cause vasoconstriction by binding to receptors on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels.
• Thromboxane A2 is a lipid molecule produced by platelets and can cause vasoconstriction by binding to receptors on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels.
• Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that can cause vasoconstriction when it binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels.
• Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that can cause vasoconstriction when it binds to receptors on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels.
• Histamine is a chemical released by mast cells and can cause vasoconstriction when it binds to receptors on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels.

 

[Muay Thai]

Physiological processes are natural processes that occur in the body and help to maintain homeostasis (balance) in the body. Examples of physiological processes include the regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels.

Neurological processes are processes that involve the nervous system, such as the transmission of nerve impulses or the release of neurotransmitters.

Metabolic processes are processes that involve the conversion of nutrients into energy or other molecules that can be used by the body. Examples of metabolic processes include digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients.

Biological processes are processes that occur in living organisms and involve the interaction of biological molecules and cellular structures. Examples of biological processes include protein synthesis, DNA replication, and cell division.

Other types of biological processes include:

• Biochemical processes, which involve the chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, such as the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration.
• Physiochemical processes, which involve the interaction of physical and chemical processes, such as the transport of molecules across cell membranes.
• Immunological processes, which involve the body's immune response to foreign substances, such as viruses or bacteria.
• Genetic processes, which involve the expression of genes and the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring.

What is DMAE? what is its function and mechanisms of action? what does it do exactly and what are its responsibilities?

DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) is an organic compound that is naturally found in small amounts in our brains and can also be obtained from certain foods such as fish.

DMAE is believed to work by increasing the production of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which is important for various brain functions such as memory, learning, and muscle control.

Studies have suggested that DMAE may have a number of potential benefits, including improving cognitive function and memory, reducing symptoms of ADHD, increasing alertness and mental energy, and potentially even improving skin firmness and reducing wrinkles when applied topically.

However, more research is needed to fully understand the effects and potential side effects of DMAE, and it is important to speak with a healthcare professional before using any new supplement or medication.

Could you please explain the differences and similarities between epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline in detail? It would be great if you could also specify their individual functions, how they interact with each other, and the sequence of their responses. Lastly, I would like to know if there are any cellular or metabolic chemical reactions involved. Thank you.


Epinephrine and adrenaline are two names for the same hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Similarly, norepinephrine and noradrenaline are two names for the same hormone produced by the adrenal gland and the sympathetic nervous system.

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are both involved in the body's "fight or flight" response to stress. They both increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels and can cause blood vessels to constrict. However, there are some differences between the two hormones.

Norepinephrine is primarily a neurotransmitter, meaning it is released by nerves in the sympathetic nervous system to stimulate organs and tissues in response to stress. It mainly acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors, which cause vasoconstriction, or the narrowing of blood vessels, leading to increased blood pressure.

Epinephrine is produced and released by the adrenal gland in response to stress or danger. It acts on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, causing a variety of effects.

Beta-adrenergic receptors cause vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels, in skeletal muscle and liver tissue, leading to increased blood flow to these organs. This allows for increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to support the body's fight-or-flight response. In addition, beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart cause an increase in heart rate and force of contraction. Alpha-adrenergic receptors in the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs cause vasoconstriction, which helps redirect blood flow to skeletal muscle and liver tissue.

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine can also cause the release of glucose from the liver, allowing for increased energy availability during times of stress.
In terms of their sequence of responses, norepinephrine is usually released first by nerves in response to stress, causing vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. Epinephrine is then released by the adrenal gland, causing a more widespread response throughout the body.

There are several cellular and metabolic reactions involved in the production and release of these hormones. Both hormones are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine and undergo several enzymatic reactions to produce the final products. The release of these hormones is also regulated by various feedback mechanisms to maintain proper levels in the body.

Overall, while epinephrine and norepinephrine have similar functions in the body's stress response, there are some distinct differences in their mechanisms of action and effects on various organs and tissues.

 

[Muay Thai]

I am curious about the mechanisms through which various substances such as fats, electrolytes, sodium, enzymes, bioflavonoids, hormones, vitamins, minerals, peptides, and proteins can be transported into muscle cells. Specifically, I am interested in knowing about the specific transporters that are utilized for this purpose and the detailed facts about each one of them. Additionally, could you please explain the concept of receptor-mediated endocytosis and the circumstances under which it may occur?



Yes, substances like fats, electrolytes, sodium, enzymes, bioflavonoids, hormones, vitamins or minerals, peptides, and proteins can be transported into muscle cells through various mechanisms such as specific transporters and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Specific transporters are proteins that facilitate the movement of molecules across cell membranes. There are several types of transporters that are involved in transporting different types of molecules. For example:

1. GLUT4 Transporters: These transporters are responsible for the uptake of glucose into muscle cells. Insulin stimulates the translocation of these transporters from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of muscle cells, allowing for increased glucose uptake.
2. Sodium-Potassium ATPase: This transporter is responsible for maintaining the proper balance of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside of cells. It uses ATP to pump three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell.
3. Calcium ATPase: This transporter is responsible for removing calcium ions from the cytosol of muscle cells, allowing for relaxation of the muscle.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a process by which cells engulf specific substances by binding to them with receptor molecules on the cell surface. The substance is then taken into the cell in a vesicle formed by the cell membrane.
An example of receptor-mediated endocytosis in muscle cells is the uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles by LDL receptors. The LDL particles bind to the LDL receptors on the surface of the muscle cell, and the receptors then invaginate the cell membrane to form a vesicle that brings the LDL particles into the cell.
Other circumstances that can cause receptor-mediated endocytosis include the uptake of iron by transferrin receptors, the uptake of vitamin B12 by intrinsic factor receptors, and the uptake of certain hormones and growth factors by their respective receptors.

Can you provide information on the physiological processes responsible for regulating body temperature?

The regulation of body temperature is a complex process that involves a number of physiological processes, including:

1. Thermoreceptors: Specialized cells located in the skin and other tissues that detect changes in temperature and send signals to the brain to initiate a response.
2. Hypothalamus: A part of the brain that acts as the body's "thermostat," regulating core body temperature by controlling the activity of various organs and systems.
3. Autonomic nervous system: The sympathetic nervous system controls vasoconstriction or vasodilation of blood vessels, affecting blood flow and heat loss.
4. Sweat glands: The body's primary means of cooling itself through evaporation, sweat glands release sweat onto the skin's surface, where it evaporates and cools the body.
5. Shivering: Involuntary muscle contractions that generate heat in response to cold temperatures.
6. Brown adipose tissue: A type of fat tissue that generates heat through a process called thermogenesis.
7. Metabolism: The body's metabolic rate can increase or decrease in response to temperature changes, affecting energy production and heat generation.

These processes work together to maintain a relatively stable body temperature, typically between 36.5°C and 37.5°C (97.7°F and 99.5°F) in healthy adults. When the body is exposed to extreme temperatures, such as during exercise or in a hot or cold environment, these processes adjust to maintain homeostasis and prevent damage to the body's tissues and organs.

What is the difference exactly if any between ashwagandha and ksm66? list 20 health benefits for ksm66 in detail. How would theanine in theory potentiate the effects of it? What are 5 sources of theanine? Name 20 health benefits in detail for theanine.




Ashwagandha and KSM-66 are actually the same plants, Withania somnifera, commonly known as Indian ginseng or winter cherry. KSM-66 is a patented extract of ashwagandha that claims to be more concentrated and bioavailable than other ashwagandha extracts on the market.
KSM-66 has been studied extensively for its potential health benefits, and some of the reported benefits include:

1. Reducing stress and anxiety
2. Improving cognitive function and memory
3. Boosting testosterone levels
4. Enhancing muscle strength and endurance
5. Supporting thyroid function
6. Reducing inflammation
7. Improving sleep quality
8. Boosting immunity
9. Supporting cardiovascular health
10. Regulating blood sugar levels
11. Improving sexual function
12. Enhancing Fertility in men
13. Reducing symptoms of depression
14. Protecting against oxidative stress
15. Supporting healthy aging
16. Improving skin health
17. Supporting liver function
18. Reducing symptoms of ADHD
19. Enhancing mood
20. Reducing joint pain and stiffness

Theanine is an amino acid found in tea leaves, particularly green tea. It has been shown to have a calming effect on the brain and may improve cognitive function, reduce stress, and improve sleep quality. In theory, theanine may enhance the effects of KSM-66 by further reducing stress and anxiety, improving cognitive function, and promoting relaxation.
Some sources of theanine include:

1. Green tea
2. Black tea
3. White tea
4. Matcha
5. Bay bolete mushrooms

Some of the reported health benefits of theanine include:

1. Reducing stress and anxiety
2. Improving cognitive function and memory
3. Promoting relaxation
4. Improving sleep quality
5. Boosting immunity
6. Reducing symptoms of depression
7. Enhancing mood
8. Supporting cardiovascular health
9. Reducing inflammation
10. Supporting liver function
11. Improving skin health
12. Reducing symptoms of ADHD
13. Enhancing focus and attention
14. Promoting weight loss
15. Reducing symptoms of PMS
16. Supporting healthy aging
17. Reducing blood pressure
18. Protecting against neurodegenerative diseases
19. Reducing symptoms of schizophrenia
20. Improving overall quality of life.

 

[qbkilla]

Good read although I only had time to skim. I'm interested in learning more about the sauna. Is there actual evidence that it does indeed increase metabolism? Just bro science but I firmly believe that there is a link between metabolism and health. Example 2 200 lb men one may maintain their weight at 4000 another at 3000, all other variables equal, the guy who can eat more is healthier, should have more energy, have an easier time losing weight. I cringe when I see guys bigger than me need to eat less to lose weight. I often see a correlation between people who take excessive medicine and digestion complaints and saying they have trouble with appetite.

 

[Flex500]

Some good reads here I'll have to come through it slower. I will say on the topic of fasting I've found great benefit in weekly 36 hours fasts. Will that help if someone wants to be 300 pounds and shredded? Eh...probably not. But they can fit into a model of being strong, healthy, and even in a PED lifestyle with a more extreme physique where you want to mitigate some side effects.

I know people scoff at that but I've seen various improvements and I'm looking at it with a skeptical eye. My LDL has dropped and all of my stomach issues / indigestion are completely gone among other benefits. I usually go from dinner Thursday night ~7pm to breakfast Saturday ~7am.

 

[BigNattyDaddy420]

Holy crap this is some interesting information. Like others have said, this is a lot to read in one sitting. I read the first two parts and will come back periodically to read more.

 

[Bio]

HEY GUYS, THERE'S NO TALK ABOUT REC DRUGS, IT'S AGAINST THE RULES! I KNOW THIS WASN'T A DISCUSSION ABOUT PARTYING BUT IT'S STILL NOT ALLOWED.