Armwrestlers, Bodybuilders, Arm-Breaks and Tendon Injuries
Two types of people normally break their arms in armwrestling--beginners who haven't learned proper technique and strength athletes/bodybuilders who possess a lot of strength without the appropriate amount of tendon strength.
These tendons are the supportive elbow tendons which keep the elbow joint from moving sideways. No muscle is involved in holding these tendons to the bone. The tendon is attached bone to bone. These tendons receive virtually zero strengthening through traditional bodybuilding training, as the kind of side pressure needed to strengthen these tendons is a completely unnatural movement and just isn't utilized in bodybuilding training. The tendons a bodybuilder uses during training attach to muscle, as he uses these tendons solely to work his muscle through a given range of motion. In armwrestling, the elbow tendons don't actually move. They just hold the elbow joint together. So, when you have a strong bodybuilder who is able to generate a lot of side pressure through muscular effort, the elbow tendons just can't handle it...and will sometimes snap. This is the worst type of injury an armwrestler can sustain, as the recovery is long and arduous...often many years to make a full recovery, which can greatly impact an armwrestlers career.
Arm-breaks, which are less serious, look bad, but can heal in just a few months. After that, it is just a matter of regaining strength. Arm breaks occur for two reasons. One, the armwrestler is in arm-break position-- a position in which the person's elbow-arm is allowed to move outward from his torso...to the side. I can best illustrate this position by examining how we perform peck-deck flyes. Imagine performing a peck-deck flye, in which you support the weight with your elbows on pads. Your forearms are held vertical as you pull your elbows inward towards your body for full contraction...and outwards to achieve a full stretch. In armwrestling, the more your move your elbow outward toward full stretch, the more stress is placed on the humerus bone. This is why one of the first rules an armwrestler learns is to "stay tight", which simply means keeping your elbows pulled in tight to the front of your torso. You don't ever want to let you elbow start moving out toward the side of your body. This is called arm-break position and it's how people break their humerus bones. It can take as little as 12 pounds of force to break the humerus bone when in arm-break position.
Another factor which contributes to arm-breaks in armwrestling is the inadequate strengthening of the humerus bone. You see, when stress is applied against any bone...over and over again...the body responds by laying down extra calcium (the opposite of osteoporosis) in order to strengthen the bone against that stress. The principle is similar to how bodybuilders build their muscle--the muscles respond to training by getting bigger. Bones do this as well, which is why the medical community says weight training is a great way to avoid osteoporosis. The simple act of just weight training places significant stress on the bones, which keeps calcium stores high. Because armwrestlers are constantly placing large amounts of stress on their humerus bone, the body protects itself by increasing calcium stores in the specific areas the stress is being applied to.
Long-time armwrestler have very strong elbow tendons and humerus bones, which allows them to apply full force in positions that other strength athletes cannot. This is just one of many reasons why professional armwrestlers are easily able to beat strength athletes which are much larger than they are. The second reason why pro armwrestlers are easily able to beat other strength athletes is because of hand strength. A pro armwrestler's hand is MUCH stronger than your typical strength athlete...and way stronger than your typical bodybuilder. Armwrestling on an advanced level requires certain types of hand strength which are never used in bodybuilding or other strength sports. For example, the ability to pronate, which bodybuilders don't ever even think about, is of massive importance in armwrestling and is trained chronically. This one strength alone can allow an armwrestler to easily beat a much larger (and generally stronger) opponent in an armwrestling match.
Of course, back-pressure (what a bodybuilder would normally just call "curling" strength) is also very important, but training for back pressure in armwrestling is much different from the type of back pressure that a bodybuilder develops by doing full-range curls. Armwrestling requires the individual to be very strong in a locked position--the position in which the arm is in a fully or near-fully contracted position. This ability to "hold" your arm in this bent position is crucial to armwrestling. The potential of the upper-arm to "hold" a weight in the full-partially contracted position is MUCH greater than what it is capable of doing through a full range of motion. Since bodybuilders typically train through a full or near-full range of motion when training their biceps, the never come anywhere close to developing maximum holding power. If a bodybuilder is able to strict curl 200 lbs, we would say he has very strong biceps. Very few bodybuilder are actually able to STRICT curl 200 lbs. It would be considered a tremendous feat in the eyes of most.
Well, the strongest arm-wrestlers in the world (from a back-pressure standpoint) are able to hold 200 lbs in ONE arm. This means they can put 200 lbs on a floor pulley, bend their elbow to a 90 degree angle (so their forearm is parallel with the floor) and lift that weight off the ground without their arm ever bending. No bodybuilder is strength athlete in the world can do that. Armwrestlers train for this kind of strength, as armwrestling is a limited range of motion sport. There is no need to have a strong arm in the lower range of motion...because by the time an armwrestler's elbow is bent beyond 90 degrees, he has already lost. An armwrestler must be strong in the upper-half range of motion, particularly when it comes to "holding" strength.