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This is from taken from Nandi12:
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The body's immune system is very finely tuned so that if you tip it a little bit one way or the other, problems can arise. For instance, post-exercise, a little inflammation is necessary to promote growth. If you block inflammation, by for instance blocking prostaglandin production with antiinflammatories, post exercise growth is blunted. Obviously excessive inflammation is bad, as it too inhibits recovery and leads to chronic injury.
Nobody knows really why glutamine helps recovery in critically ill patients (especially when given IV in huge doses) but does not do anything in normal people. But it is probably related to the fact that in critical illness, glutamine goes from being a nonessential amino acid to an essential one (1). Anyone except a critically ill patient makes adequate glutamine so supplementation does nothing.
One key immune cytokine produced by exercise is IL-6. This is a proinflammatory cytokine that is believed to act to regulate glucose availability during and immediately after exercise. When carbohydrates are ingested prior to exercise, levels of IL-6 are lower during and after exercise. In the carbohydrate depleted state, IL-6 is high during exercise. So in some way IL-6 acts as a carbohydrate status sensor (2).
Carbohydrate ingestion prior to, during and after exercise improves performance and recovery (3). One reason may be that as we saw, high carb levels suppress IL-6. IL-6 is considered a catabolic cytokine because because if lowers IGF-1 levels (4,5)
So we see that exercise in a carb depleted state leads to high levels of IL-6, which suppresses growth. What is the glutamine connection? During exercise glutamine is lowered and IL-6 is increased. When glutamine is given during and after exercise, it INCREASES the levels of the bad cytokine IL-6. (6). So not only is glutamine supplementation unnecessary in all but the critically ill, it could have a negative impact on normal exercising humans by elevating IL-6 levels. This could upset the balance between pro and antiinflammatory immune cytokines released during exercise.
(1) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003 Mar;6(2):217-22
Role of L-glutamine in critical illness: new insights.
Kelly D, Wischmeyer PE.
(2) J Physiol 2003 Jan 1;546(Pt 1):299-305
The effect of graded exercise on IL-6 release and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle.
Helge JW, Stallknecht B, Pedersen BK, Galbo H, Kiens B, Richter EA
(3) J Strength Cond Res 2003 Feb;17(1):187-96
Carbohydrate supplementation and resistance training.
Haff GG, Lehmkuhl MJ, McCoy LB, Stone MH.
(4) Horm Res 2002;58 Suppl 1:24-7
Role of interleukin-6 in growth failure: an animal model.
De Benedetti F, Meazza C, Martini A
(5) Pediatrics 2002 Oct;110(4):681-9
Effect of intense exercise on inflammatory cytokines and growth mediators in adolescent boys.
Nemet D, Oh Y, Kim HS, Hill M, Cooper DM.
(6) J Appl Physiol 2003 Feb 28;
Glutamine supplementation further enhances exercise-induced plasma IL-6.
Hiscock NJ, Petersen EW, Krzywkowski K, Boza J, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Pedersen BK.
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Can this be truth?
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The body's immune system is very finely tuned so that if you tip it a little bit one way or the other, problems can arise. For instance, post-exercise, a little inflammation is necessary to promote growth. If you block inflammation, by for instance blocking prostaglandin production with antiinflammatories, post exercise growth is blunted. Obviously excessive inflammation is bad, as it too inhibits recovery and leads to chronic injury.
Nobody knows really why glutamine helps recovery in critically ill patients (especially when given IV in huge doses) but does not do anything in normal people. But it is probably related to the fact that in critical illness, glutamine goes from being a nonessential amino acid to an essential one (1). Anyone except a critically ill patient makes adequate glutamine so supplementation does nothing.
One key immune cytokine produced by exercise is IL-6. This is a proinflammatory cytokine that is believed to act to regulate glucose availability during and immediately after exercise. When carbohydrates are ingested prior to exercise, levels of IL-6 are lower during and after exercise. In the carbohydrate depleted state, IL-6 is high during exercise. So in some way IL-6 acts as a carbohydrate status sensor (2).
Carbohydrate ingestion prior to, during and after exercise improves performance and recovery (3). One reason may be that as we saw, high carb levels suppress IL-6. IL-6 is considered a catabolic cytokine because because if lowers IGF-1 levels (4,5)
So we see that exercise in a carb depleted state leads to high levels of IL-6, which suppresses growth. What is the glutamine connection? During exercise glutamine is lowered and IL-6 is increased. When glutamine is given during and after exercise, it INCREASES the levels of the bad cytokine IL-6. (6). So not only is glutamine supplementation unnecessary in all but the critically ill, it could have a negative impact on normal exercising humans by elevating IL-6 levels. This could upset the balance between pro and antiinflammatory immune cytokines released during exercise.
(1) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003 Mar;6(2):217-22
Role of L-glutamine in critical illness: new insights.
Kelly D, Wischmeyer PE.
(2) J Physiol 2003 Jan 1;546(Pt 1):299-305
The effect of graded exercise on IL-6 release and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle.
Helge JW, Stallknecht B, Pedersen BK, Galbo H, Kiens B, Richter EA
(3) J Strength Cond Res 2003 Feb;17(1):187-96
Carbohydrate supplementation and resistance training.
Haff GG, Lehmkuhl MJ, McCoy LB, Stone MH.
(4) Horm Res 2002;58 Suppl 1:24-7
Role of interleukin-6 in growth failure: an animal model.
De Benedetti F, Meazza C, Martini A
(5) Pediatrics 2002 Oct;110(4):681-9
Effect of intense exercise on inflammatory cytokines and growth mediators in adolescent boys.
Nemet D, Oh Y, Kim HS, Hill M, Cooper DM.
(6) J Appl Physiol 2003 Feb 28;
Glutamine supplementation further enhances exercise-induced plasma IL-6.
Hiscock NJ, Petersen EW, Krzywkowski K, Boza J, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Pedersen BK.
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Can this be truth?
