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Top 10 Minerals for Bodybuilders

01dragonslayer

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What every bodybuilder should know
You know all those monsters you see in the magazines month after month, the ones you've been working your butt off to look like? Well, take heart. The fact is, they don't train much differently than any of us mortals do.

Ok, sure, they probably work out with heavier weights and more likely than not are genetically gifted for bodybuilding, but if you get a chance to hang around the greatest athletes in the sport, you come to realize that it's their concern for the little things, like dietary and training details, that separates them from the average Joe in the gym.

These details include really warming up before a workout, actually weighing food, planning the day's meal in advance and so on. From studying many of these athletes, it's easy to conclude that this attention to seemingly insignificant minutiae is what makes great bodybuilders stand out from the rest.

For instance, when was the last time you gave any thought to your dietary mineral intake? No, I don't mean popping a few supplements occasionally, I mean really taking a good look at the level of minerals in your diet. If it's been a while, you're not alone.

Many bodybuilders give little thought to those elements in their diets that don't provide calories. That's a big mistake, because your diet contains plenty of vital components that do more than just provide energy, like supporting muscle tissue, enhancing growth, etc. In fact, these nutrients, called micronutrients, may be more important for bodybuilders than calorie producing nutrients precisely because of these other physiological functions.

The purpose of this article is to review the top 10 dietary minerals from a bodybuilding perspective. Will it really make a difference for you to become familiar with this stuff? Not if you're as muscular as you want to be. After all, these are just the little things.

When considering how important a dietary mineral is in bodybuilding, we can look at the sport's nutrition research to answer at least one of four questions.


Is the mineral directly involved in muscle action, protein synthesis, or the integrity of the muscle cell.
Does exercise result in an increased requirement of that nutrient for an athlete?
Do athletes typically have suboptimal intakes of that mineral?
Does dietary supplementation with that mineral improve performance and growth?
With these questions in mind, we can now review the minerals that best promote increases in strength and growth. Here is our list, in reverse order.

10. Potassium
This mineral is an important electrolyte found within muscle cells and works closely with sodium to regulate body water levels. As well, Potassium plays a critical role in facilitating the electrical potentials across nerve and muscle cells that result in muscle contraction. Potassium is even involved in glycogen storage (for high intensity muscular energy). A poor potassium / sodium balance can lead to improper fluid levels, dehydration, muscle cramps and weakness. Fortunately, dietary intake of potassium is generally not a problem for most people, but bodybuilders should become familiar with its role and the foods where it can be found.

9. Copper
The trace mineral Copper may soon prove more vital to bodybuilders than was previously thought. It's included in this list not because of its involvement in oxygen transport and utilization (as well as many enzymatic reactions, not the least of which is helping in the production of noradrenaline) but because Copper has been shown to increase in the bloodstream during intense exercise. This fact leads to the conclusion that copper plays a direct role in high intensity muscular work such as bodybuilding, and that there may be conditions under which some bodybuilders ingest suboptimal amounts. Although most folks probably do take in enough copper, it's a good idea to monitor your copper intake. You'll likely hear more about this mineral in the future.

8. Vanadium
This is a nonelectrolyte mineral that has received much recent attention in the bodybuilding community due to the perceived effects of one of its salt forms, vanadyl sulfate. Vanadium is to sea creature what iron is to humans; it makes a jellyfish's blood green like iron makes our blood red. Although the vast majority of research on Vanadium supplementation has been carried out on diabetic rats, the published results tend to show a promising glycogen storing effect on muscle tissue. This may explain the subjective analysis of some bodybuilders who swear the feel 'harder' after taking vanadyl sulfate. Problem is, we really don't know much yet about vanadyl sulfate's effects on athletic performance. Nor do we know much about the long term effects of supplementation with vanadium salt, but there is a theoretical mechanism of action and at least some promise.

7. Iron
You may be aware that the mineral Iron is a constituent of hemoglobin and is responsible for oxygen transport and, indirectly, subsequent oxidative energy production. What does this have to do with bodybuilding? Well, your ability to recover between sets is related to the efficiency of your aerobics system. The more oxygen you can supply to your working muscles, the quicker your muscles can recover in time for another hard set.

Moreover, Iron is particularly critical for female bodybuilders. Women lose some Iron in their menstrual flow every month. As well, female weight trainers, who typically don't consume much red meat, which is high in iron, may not readily replace vulnerable iron stores. Therefore, female bodybuilders run the risk of anemia if they're not careful about iron intake.


6. Phosphorus
A mineral that is present in the body in large amounts, phosphorus is directly linked to exercise metabolism since it produces high energy molecules such as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Creatine Phosphate. Phosphorus works in conjunction with Calcium, so it's important to keep phosphorus and calcium intakes close to a 1:1 ration; an imbalance creates a potential nutrition problem. Of further interest, phosphorus supplementation has been shown to decrease blood lactic acid levels during exercise.
 
5. Sodium
As most bodybuilders know, Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a vital role in the regulation of body fluids. The level of sodium in the body determines the amount of water the body will 'hold', and high intakes can cause body tissues to swell. (It is not uncommon to look like 'Quasibloato' and be up to two pounds heavier the morning after scarfing down a Big Mac and large fries.) Although a normal diet usually contains a reasonable amount of sodium, be careful not to limit sodium intake too much at contest time to get an ultra shredded look. An excessively low sodium intake turns on protective mechanisms within the body that cause sodium and water retention. Finally, keep in mind that sodium plays a major role in resistance training; its function in nerve impulse transmission and muscular contraction is critical to bodybuilders. Dietary sodium isn't all that bad, it's having the right amount that's important.

4. Chromium
The trace element Chromium is the key part of glucose tolerance factor, a substance that help insulin bind to its receptors on tissues. In other words, Chromium help insulin do its job of transporting glucose, amino acids and fatty acids into cells. Athletes probably need more Chromium than nonathletes, but whether chromium is truly anabolic is a bone of contention among scientists. The fact is that chromium appears to help glucose metabolism and probably helps in lipid metabolism but has not yet been clearly established to increase lean body mass. Claims of ripped, freakish physiques from chromium supplementation are premature, to say the least. However, this mineral weighs in at number four because athletes must become more familiar with its role in physiology.

Think Zinc for growth. That's right, the mineral zinc is involved in virtually all phases of growth. Even more critical for bodybuilders, studies have shown that high intensity exercise stimulates excessive zinc loss. Further, diets of some athletes have been found to be low in zinc. This potential double edged sword, excess loss coupled with possible low intakes, moves zinc into our number three position. If you're not mindful of your zinc intake, your growth may be stymied.

2. Calcium
The most abundant mineral in the body, Calcium is the second most important mineral for bodybuilders. There are several reasons for this.

Bodybuilders may have difficulty maintaining the needed 1:1 calcium to phosphorus ratio. First, many lifters try to avoid dairy products (containing calcium) because of a relatively unfounded fear that they will 'smooth them out'. Second, a typical bodybuilding diet is high in protein, meaning that it's also high in phosphorus (further throwing off this ratio) and causes excess amounts of calcium to be excreted in urine.
Calcium is the primary mineral involved in muscular contraction (ever head of calcium ions in the 'sliding filament theory of muscular contraction'?)
The structural stress from weight training requires a steady supply of calcium to maintain high bone density.
Female athletes need to be especially careful of their dietary calcium intake, as low estrogen levels can contribute to decreased calcium absorption and increased calcium loss. Also, keep in mind that Vitamin D help with calcium absorption, making vitamin D fortified dairy products a good source of this mineral.

1. Magnesium
Magnesium takes the number one spot not only because it has a theoretical mechanism of action (a plausible way it can help bodybuilders) but also due to recent studies identifying the performance enhancing benefits of magnesium supplementation.

Magnesium's role in bodybuilding revolves around energy production and protein synthesis. Studies on many different types of athletes have revealed excessive magnesium losses in sweat. Unfortunately, bodybuilders probably don't make up for these losses in their diets, as many food high in magnesium (nuts, legumes, etc) do not typically top a bodybuilder's grocery list.


Brilla and Haley from Western Washington University in Bellingham recently published the results of a research study in which magnesium supplemented lifters exerted greater quadriceps force that unsupplemented lifters. Considering magnesium's role in bodybuilding, factors leading to a possible suboptimal magnesium status in athletes and results of research such as this, it's not hard to see why so many sports nutrition specialists working with strength / power athletes are excited about magnesium's potential.

Conclusion
One word of caution. Minerals are critical for peak performance. However, overdosing on one or all of these elements can spell disaster. Too much of one mineral can cause a functional imbalance of another mineral or cause negative side effects without the original benefits. Too much zinc, for example, can lead to problems with lowered HDL levels (the 'good' cholesterol). The bottom line is to make sure you get what you need and not to megadose.

Remember, minerals may be more important for athletes than many of the nutrients that provide calories precisely because of their often unique physiological functions. In particular, these 10 minerals may prove especially critical for bodybuilders because of their nutritional status for athletes and their roles in growth, energy production and muscular contraction. Don't brush off these critical dietary components. After all, it's the little things that count.


This article was written by Bob Lefavi, and Timothy C. Fritz. Bob Lefavi, PhD, is an assistant professor in Georgia Southern University's graduate health science program, located at Armstrong State College, Savannah, Georgia. He was the 1990 IFBB North American bantamweight champ, and was runner up in the 1989 USA, and 1992 Nationals in that weight class. Timothy C. Fritz, B. Nutr. Sc., is a graduate research assistant in Georgia Southern University's exercise science program in Statesboro, Georgia.
 
Calcium is literally trash for you. I could go on for a while about this subject but this article seems to hit most of the issues with modern calcium consumption.
 
Lmao... Shit article tbh


Vanadyl sulphate ffs

This is way better than "hey guys how much carbs should I be eating, how much AI do I need, what do you do for delts, why does my wife hate me" etc

I agree. IMO same for D. Why? For one most over dose on it. Too much will cause you to waste Mg, as well as pull Ca into cells leading to calcification. And, most people that are D deficient need Mg. Why? Mg is a huge important enzymatic factor in D production. 2 cents 🤡

The calcification of the coronary artery is the main reason I would suggest AAS users stay away from calcium. Not to mention calcium blocks zinc uptake (why isnt zinc on this list,) it fucks with gut flora IME.
 
I don’t know
Lmao... Shit article tbh


Vanadyl sulphate ffs

I haven’t used or even really seen any vanadyl sulfate in probably 20 years but back in the 90’s Sportpharma had a VS product that was pretty freaking awesome. I first read about in that wonderful headcase Duchaines dirty dieting newletter (I think he faxed those - if anybody can remember) and then in BodyOpus.
There may have been something else in them - they were little hard blue tablets
 
This is way better than "hey guys how much carbs should I be eating, how much AI do I need, what do you do for delts, why does my wife hate me" etc



The calcification of the coronary artery is the main reason I would suggest AAS users stay away from calcium. Not to mention calcium blocks zinc uptake (why isnt zinc on this list,) it fucks with gut flora IME.



right, but i mean... no mention of zinc or anything
 
right, but i mean... no mention of zinc or anything

THE IMPORTANCE OF ZINC FOR BODYBUILDERS
The best whole-food sources of this important bodybuilding mineral.


Bodybuilders and other athletes have a greater need for minerals than people who don’t train. Two reasons for that:


  • 1) Minerals are crucial for supporting recovery and improving health for those who tax their systems with intense training.
  • 2) Minerals are readily lost through sweat, so bodybuilders need to emphasize replacing them to avoid deficits.
Zinc is crucial for helping to heal wounds and boost immunity, and it also supports a healthy blood supply. In other words, it’s a mineral bodybuilders should emphasize through diet and supplementation. Zinc also supports sleep quality and recovery after hard workouts, and it improves your body’s ability to use calories you’ve consumed for fuel rather than shuttling them to storage as fat.

Bodybuilders should get in at least 30 milligrams of zinc daily. You can take zinc as a stand-alone or as a part of ZMA or your multivitamin. When you supplement ZMA, remember to take it on an empty stomach, preferably before you hit the sack. When you want to increase your zinc intake through food, the chart below features some of the best sources.
 
THE IMPORTANCE OF ZINC FOR BODYBUILDERS
The best whole-food sources of this important bodybuilding mineral.


Bodybuilders and other athletes have a greater need for minerals than people who don’t train. Two reasons for that:


  • 1) Minerals are crucial for supporting recovery and improving health for those who tax their systems with intense training.
  • 2) Minerals are readily lost through sweat, so bodybuilders need to emphasize replacing them to avoid deficits.
Zinc is crucial for helping to heal wounds and boost immunity, and it also supports a healthy blood supply. In other words, it’s a mineral bodybuilders should emphasize through diet and supplementation. Zinc also supports sleep quality and recovery after hard workouts, and it improves your body’s ability to use calories you’ve consumed for fuel rather than shuttling them to storage as fat.

Bodybuilders should get in at least 30 milligrams of zinc daily. You can take zinc as a stand-alone or as a part of ZMA or your multivitamin. When you supplement ZMA, remember to take it on an empty stomach, preferably before you hit the sack. When you want to increase your zinc intake through food, the chart below features some of the best sources.


Oops

It wasn't accompanied by a number lol
 
The Many Roles of Zinc
In the last half century, we have learned a tremendous amount about the role that zinc plays in our bodies, and this allows us to see many other processes that might fail in deficiency or that might benefit from zinc-rich foods or from zinc supplements:
  • Zinc is needed to allow vitamins A and D, thyroid hormone, stress hormones, and sex hormones to carry out their functions. Without zinc, we can become resistant to the effects of any of these substances.
  • Zinc has an especially intimate relationship with vitamin A, being required to carry it in the blood, to activate it, to use it for vision, and to use it for cellular communication.
  • Like magnesium, zinc is needed for the production of all proteins. Since everything in the body is either a protein or is made using proteins, this makes zinc, like magnesium, necessary for literally everything that happens in the body.
  • Zinc activates enzymes involved in digestion, regulating the balance of acidity and alkalinity, antioxidant protection, thyroid hormone production, and the immune system’s defense against pathogens.
  • Zinc is required for the production of nitric oxide, which aids in blood flow in many contexts, protects against high blood pressure, contributes to sexual arousal in both sexes, and maintains erections in men.
  • Zinc is needed for the body to defend itself against heavy metals such as mercury and lead, by allowing the body to respond to them by making a protein that binds them up and prevents them from causing toxicity.
  • Some of our zinc is stored with insulin. When insulin is released by the pancreas in response to carbohydrate, the stored zinc is also released. The zinc shuts off an opposing hormone called glucagon, keeps insulin in the blood longer, and acts on insulin receptors to make cells more sensitive to this hormone. Together, this helps keep blood sugar stable and prevents the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Zinc Supplements
You should think about supplementing with zinc if you have a diet high in phytate or low in zinc-rich foods, if you suffer from any of the other conditions that contribute to zinc deficiency, or if you have any of the signs of deficiency or could benefit from any of the things we know zinc helps with.
Several studies in older adults have shown that supplementing with zinc at 45 mg/d decreases infection, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that 80 mg/d reduces the incidence of age-related macular degeneration and protects against vision loss.
However, other studies have shown that we can only absorb about 7 mg zinc every five hours. We will generally absorb 70% of a supplement under optimal conditions, so the ideal dose to take at one time would be 10 mg, and if you wanted a high dose, you should take 10 mg 3-4 times per day, spread out as far as possible, rather than taking more at once.
There is never a reason to take 45-80 mg at once, and there is rarely a need even to take that much in one day.
For maximal absorption, zinc should be taken one of two ways:

  • On an empty stomach (at least 2-3 hours after your last meal, at least one hour before your next meal), with a full glass of water.
  • With a phytate-free meal that contains animal protein and/or is rich in sour acids from fermented foods and fruits.
To improve your zinc status, you should use capsules or tablets rather than lozenges, to make sure that you swallow the whole dose.
It is not necessary to take zinc directly with copper, but it can be convenient to get a supplement such as Jarrow Zinc Balance that has them together. What is important, however, is that if you supplement with zinc, you also have plenty of copper in your diet. This becomes especially important if you choose to supplement with more than 40 mg/d zinc.
There are several forms of zinc you could use.
Sulfate, Acetate, Gluconate, and Citrate
These are the forms that have been best studied for their ability to correct a zinc deficiency. They are all highly effective at achieving this goal.
Methionine and Glycinate
The absorbability of these forms has not been directly studied in humans, but what we know about how these compounds are absorbed suggests that these forms would be very absorbable. My personal experience using them with clients supports this.
Carnosine
Zinc carnosine is used primarily to support gastrointestinal health. Its ability to support zinc nutritional status has not been well studied, but preliminary reports suggest it does provide absorbable zinc.
Oxide
Zinc oxide is less absorbable than other well studied forms and should not be used.
Zinc Picolinate
Some studies have shown zinc picolinate can help reverse impairments in the senses of smell and taste. However, no studies have shown that it is superior to other forms for that purpose. Picolinate binds to zinc very tightly, and although zinc picolinate is absorbed, it seems the picolinate often carries the zinc right into the hair or urine without allowing it to be used by the body. Although it might make sense to experiment with zinc picolinate for the specific purpose of improving your sense of smell or taste, in general it is wise to avoid zinc picolinate and use one of the other forms whose bioavailability has been more clearly supported by research.
Killing a Cold With Zinc
High levels of zinc in the nose and throat prevents cold viruses from invading your cells. Zinc lozenges that are specially designed to fully free the zinc within your mouth so that it can migrate through your nose and throat tissue can stop a cold in its tracks if taken properly.
Currently, the only lozenges on the market that are optimized for this process are Life Extension Enhanced Zinc Lozenges. Make sure the word “enhanced” is in the title and make sure the ingredients say it has zinc acetate.
These have to be taken at the first sign of a cold, such as the very first sneeze or the very first cold-like sensation in your throat. Suck on them, don’t chew them. Take them continuously until symptoms stop, then take them every two hours until the bottle is gone. Consider taking 3-6 mg/d copper while taking them to keep these in balance.
Unfortunately these have dextrose in them, and there aren’t any sugar-free lozenges that are optimized for this effect on the market right now. So you won’t be able to use this approach if you have a strict need to avoid all sugars or to limit your carbohydrate.
 
The Many Roles of Zinc
In the last half century, we have learned a tremendous amount about the role that zinc plays in our bodies, and this allows us to see many other processes that might fail in deficiency or that might benefit from zinc-rich foods or from zinc supplements:
  • Zinc is needed to allow vitamins A and D, thyroid hormone, stress hormones, and sex hormones to carry out their functions. Without zinc, we can become resistant to the effects of any of these substances.
  • Zinc has an especially intimate relationship with vitamin A, being required to carry it in the blood, to activate it, to use it for vision, and to use it for cellular communication.
  • Like magnesium, zinc is needed for the production of all proteins. Since everything in the body is either a protein or is made using proteins, this makes zinc, like magnesium, necessary for literally everything that happens in the body.
  • Zinc activates enzymes involved in digestion, regulating the balance of acidity and alkalinity, antioxidant protection, thyroid hormone production, and the immune system’s defense against pathogens.
  • Zinc is required for the production of nitric oxide, which aids in blood flow in many contexts, protects against high blood pressure, contributes to sexual arousal in both sexes, and maintains erections in men.
  • Zinc is needed for the body to defend itself against heavy metals such as mercury and lead, by allowing the body to respond to them by making a protein that binds them up and prevents them from causing toxicity.
  • Some of our zinc is stored with insulin. When insulin is released by the pancreas in response to carbohydrate, the stored zinc is also released. The zinc shuts off an opposing hormone called glucagon, keeps insulin in the blood longer, and acts on insulin receptors to make cells more sensitive to this hormone. Together, this helps keep blood sugar stable and prevents the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Zinc Supplements
You should think about supplementing with zinc if you have a diet high in phytate or low in zinc-rich foods, if you suffer from any of the other conditions that contribute to zinc deficiency, or if you have any of the signs of deficiency or could benefit from any of the things we know zinc helps with.
Several studies in older adults have shown that supplementing with zinc at 45 mg/d decreases infection, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that 80 mg/d reduces the incidence of age-related macular degeneration and protects against vision loss.
However, other studies have shown that we can only absorb about 7 mg zinc every five hours. We will generally absorb 70% of a supplement under optimal conditions, so the ideal dose to take at one time would be 10 mg, and if you wanted a high dose, you should take 10 mg 3-4 times per day, spread out as far as possible, rather than taking more at once.
There is never a reason to take 45-80 mg at once, and there is rarely a need even to take that much in one day.
For maximal absorption, zinc should be taken one of two ways:

  • On an empty stomach (at least 2-3 hours after your last meal, at least one hour before your next meal), with a full glass of water.
  • With a phytate-free meal that contains animal protein and/or is rich in sour acids from fermented foods and fruits.
To improve your zinc status, you should use capsules or tablets rather than lozenges, to make sure that you swallow the whole dose.
It is not necessary to take zinc directly with copper, but it can be convenient to get a supplement such as Jarrow Zinc Balance that has them together. What is important, however, is that if you supplement with zinc, you also have plenty of copper in your diet. This becomes especially important if you choose to supplement with more than 40 mg/d zinc.
There are several forms of zinc you could use.
Sulfate, Acetate, Gluconate, and Citrate
These are the forms that have been best studied for their ability to correct a zinc deficiency. They are all highly effective at achieving this goal.
Methionine and Glycinate
The absorbability of these forms has not been directly studied in humans, but what we know about how these compounds are absorbed suggests that these forms would be very absorbable. My personal experience using them with clients supports this.
Carnosine
Zinc carnosine is used primarily to support gastrointestinal health. Its ability to support zinc nutritional status has not been well studied, but preliminary reports suggest it does provide absorbable zinc.
Oxide
Zinc oxide is less absorbable than other well studied forms and should not be used.
Zinc Picolinate
Some studies have shown zinc picolinate can help reverse impairments in the senses of smell and taste. However, no studies have shown that it is superior to other forms for that purpose. Picolinate binds to zinc very tightly, and although zinc picolinate is absorbed, it seems the picolinate often carries the zinc right into the hair or urine without allowing it to be used by the body. Although it might make sense to experiment with zinc picolinate for the specific purpose of improving your sense of smell or taste, in general it is wise to avoid zinc picolinate and use one of the other forms whose bioavailability has been more clearly supported by research.
Killing a Cold With Zinc
High levels of zinc in the nose and throat prevents cold viruses from invading your cells. Zinc lozenges that are specially designed to fully free the zinc within your mouth so that it can migrate through your nose and throat tissue can stop a cold in its tracks if taken properly.
Currently, the only lozenges on the market that are optimized for this process are Life Extension Enhanced Zinc Lozenges. Make sure the word “enhanced” is in the title and make sure the ingredients say it has zinc acetate.
These have to be taken at the first sign of a cold, such as the very first sneeze or the very first cold-like sensation in your throat. Suck on them, don’t chew them. Take them continuously until symptoms stop, then take them every two hours until the bottle is gone. Consider taking 3-6 mg/d copper while taking them to keep these in balance.
Unfortunately these have dextrose in them, and there aren’t any sugar-free lozenges that are optimized for this effect on the market right now. So you won’t be able to use this approach if you have a strict need to avoid all sugars or to limit your carbohydrate.


Thanks for the help Joker.
 

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